Ch 10

Question 1

rituals marking initiation into adulthood

Answer 1

rites of passage

Question 2

Where are the rites of passage usually seen more in

Answer 2

non-western cultures

Question 3

What are the rites for men

Answer 3

• providing
• protecting
• procreating

Question 4

What are the rites for women

Answer 4

based on menarche

Question 5

How many countries in Africa still practice female circumcision

Answer 5

28

Question 6

Where were cotillions held and girls would be introduced to the public as a woman

Answer 6

the deep south

Question 7

routinely held as a rite to passage

Answer 7

bat mitzvahs

Question 8

What have been an important aspect of western society and what are some examples

Answer 8

historical rites
- knighthood
- freemasons
- apprenticeships
- greek societies
- scouts
- gangs

Question 9

the last true rite of passage ceremony in western society
- traditionally marriage would follow right after
- modern society does not allow this

Answer 9

bar and bat mitzvah

Question 10

• 18 to 25 year olds in western society have become their own entities
• most have completed some role transitions but not all of them

Answer 10

thresholders, inbetweeners, or transitioners

Question 11

What years do people usually believe of the college and what is the actual average

Answer 11

• 18-25
• 29

Question 12

students over the age of 25 are called what

Answer 12

returning adult students

Question 13

often more highly motivated and study more than traditional students

Answer 13

returning adult students

Question 14

the ages between 18 and 25 are often considered what

Answer 14

distinct life stage

Question 15

individuals of what ages are often not adults in every sense but are no longer adolescents

Answer 15

18 and 25

Question 16

about what percent of college students expect to live with their parents again

Answer 16

50%

Question 17

usually brings more self control and a drop in reckless behavior

Answer 17

adulthood

Question 18

what points out the importance of developing independence and the capacity for intimacy

Answer 18

eriksons theory

Question 19

the psychosocial challenge of young adulthood

Answer 19

eriksons stage of intimacy vs isolation

Question 20

critical for being able to achieve intimacy

Answer 20

identity development

Question 21

reaches its greatest during young adulthood and is stable until old age

Answer 21

height

Question 22

in both sexes peaks in the late 20s and early 30s

Answer 22

physical strength

Question 23

remains stable through middle age

Answer 23

visual acuity

Question 24

begins to decline in the late 20s

Answer 24

hearing

Question 25

what percent of young adults say their health is good or better

Answer 25

90%

Question 26

what is usually rare in the early 20s

Answer 26

death

Question 27

What are the leading causes of death in the us between the ages of 24 and 44

Answer 27

- accidents - cancer - cardiovascular disease - suicide - AIDS

Question 28

leading contributor to health problems

Answer 28

smoking

Question 29

potent teratogen

Answer 29

nicotine

Question 30

usually beneficial regardless of how or when it happens

Answer 30

quiting smoking

Question 31

not been shown to be a serious contributor to health problems

Answer 31

occasional drinking

Question 32

consuming 5 or more drinks in a row for men and 4 or more for women within a two week period

Answer 32

binge drinking

Question 33

binge drinking has been shown to be a major health concern especially among who

Answer 33

college students

Question 34

What do drinking rates vary by

Answer 34

- sex - race - region of the country

Question 35

what percent of college students are heavy drinkers

Answer 35

44

Question 36

what percent of college students report academic problems as a result of drinking

Answer 36

25

Question 37

What are some attempt to curve binge drinking

Answer 37

- keg registration - outlawing grain alcohol - increasing number of nonalcoholic activities - tougher punishments for underage drinking

Question 38

affects mental emotional and physical functioning

Answer 38

nutrition

Question 39

how much energy the body needs, affects all areas

Answer 39

metabolism

Question 40

factor in health problems

Answer 40

obesity

Question 41

ratio of body weight and height and is recommended to be less than 25

Answer 41

body mass index (bmi)

Question 42

piagets theory placed adolescents and adults in what stage

Answer 42

formal operational

Question 43

other researchers have found differences in how adolescents and adults process what

Answer 43

information

Question 44

characterized by a recognition that truth may vary from situation to situation that solutions must be realistic to be reasonable emotion and subjective factors usually play a role in thinking

Answer 44

postformal thought

Question 45

How does postformal thought differ from formal operations

Answer 45

- integrating emotion and logic - realization that there is more than one right answer to many problems

Question 46

What were kramers three stages of postformal thought

Answer 46

- absolutist - relativistic - dialectical

Question 47

personal experience is the basis of all truth

Answer 47

absolutist

Question 48

correct actions or solutions depend on the circumstances

Answer 48

relativistic

Question 49

see merits in different viewpoints but synthesize them and strongly commit

Answer 49

dialectical

Question 50

Who have described the stages of development of reflective judgment including phases of optimal level and skill acquisition

Answer 50

kitchener and king

Question 51

the highest level of thinking of which a person is capable

Answer 51

optimal level of development

Question 52

the gradual haphazard process of learning new abilities

Answer 52

skill acquisition

Question 53

- examples of how social knowledge structures and social beliefs can shape our thinking and perceptions - affect how we interpret new information

Answer 53

stereotypes

Question 54

beliefs that we may not be aware of but may affect our behavior

Answer 54

implicit stereotypes

Question 55

the fear of being judged by a negative stereotype about a group to which one belongs

Answer 55

stereotype threat

Question 56

we may be able to determine the importance of age related belief if we examine what

Answer 56

- the content and strength of the beliefs - the likelihood that these beliefs will be activated automatically when they are questioned or violated

Question 57

who creates a life span construct or view of the past present and future - the contruct is manifested in s scenario or expectations about the future

Answer 57

young adults

Question 58

expectation that future events will correspond to a certain age or date

Answer 58

social clock

Question 59

we construct life story as we begin to achieve what

Answer 59

some of the goals of our scenario

Question 60

the story ties events together in what

Answer 60

a coherent sequence

Question 61

What do young adults tend to think about

Answer 61

- possible selfs - what we could become - what we would like to to become - what we are afraid to become

Question 62

takes on more importance as a feared self as adults age

Answer 62

health

Question 63

a result of integrating the scenario or life story into a sense of self

Answer 63

self concept

Question 64

in longitudonal studies this self-concept did not appear to modified by what

Answer 64

age beyond young adulthood

Question 65

What influences how people interpret experiences which in turn further shapes and defines their sense of identity

Answer 65

self concepts

Question 66

reflect the degree to which one believes that their performance depends on something they do - these seem to have great influence on our behavior

Answer 66

personal control beliefs

Question 67

What four types of control have researchers proposed

Answer 67

- control from within ones self - control over oneself - control over environment - control from the environment

Question 68

What is not clear about beliefs

Answer 68

how control beliefs are changed over the course of development

Question 69

What vary over different domains

Answer 69

developmental changes

Question 70

behavior aimed at affecting the external world

Answer 70

primary control

Question 71

behavior or thinking that is intended to affect the internal world

Answer 71

secondary control