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Developmental Psych > ch 10-13 > Flashcards

ch 10-13 Flashcards

(95 cards)

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1
Q

emotional regulation

A

ability to control ehwn and how emotions are expressed

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2
Q

initiative vs guilt

A

erikson’s 3rd psychosocial crisis , in which children undertake new skills and activities and feel guilty when they do not succed at them

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3
Q

self concept

A

a person’s understanding of who he or she is, in relation to self-esteem, appearance, personality, and various traits

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4
Q

intrinsic motivation

A

a drive or reason to purrsue a goal, that comes from inside a person, such as the need to feel smart or competent

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5
Q

extrinsic motivation

A

a drive or reason to pursue a goal that arises from the need to have one’s achievements rewarded from outside, perhaps by receiving material posessions or another person’s esteem

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6
Q

imaginary friends

A

make believe friends who exists only in a childs imagination; common from ages 3 through 7 they combat loneliness and aid emotional regulation

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7
Q

psychopathology

A

an illness or disorder of the mind

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8
Q

externalizing problems

A

difficulty with emotional regulation that invoves expressing powerful feelings through uncontrolled physical or verbal outbursts as by lashing out at other people or braking things

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9
Q

internalizing problems

A

difficulty w/ emotional regulation that involves turning one’s emotional distress inward as by feeling excessively guilty, ashamed or worthless

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10
Q

rough and tumble play

A

play that mimics aggression through wrestling, chasing, or hitting but in which there is no intent to harm

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11
Q

sociodramatic play

A

pretend play in which children act out various roles and themes in stories that they create

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12
Q

authoritatrian parenting

A

approch to child rearing that is characterized by high behavioral standards, strict punishment of misconduct and little communication

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13
Q

permissive parenting

A

approch to child rearing that is characterized by high nurturance and communication but little disipline, guidance, or control (aka indulgent parenting)

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14
Q

authoritative parenting

A

an approach to child rearing in which the parents set limits but listen to the child and are flexible

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15
Q

neglectful/ uninvolved parenting

A

approach to child rearing in which the parents are indifferent toward their children and unaware of what is going on in their children’s lives

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16
Q

empathy

A

ability to understand the emotions and concerns of another person, especially when they differ from one’s own

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17
Q

antipathy

A

feelings of dislike or even hatred for another person

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18
Q

prosocial behavior

A

actions that are helpful and kind but are no obvious benefit to oneself

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19
Q

antisocial behavior

A

actions that are deliberately hurtful or destructive to another person

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20
Q

instrumental aggression

A

behavior that hurts someone else b/c the aggressor wants to get or keep a possession or a priviledge

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21
Q

reactive aggression

A

an impuslive retaliation for another person’s intentional or accidental action, verbal or physical

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22
Q

relational aggression

A

nonphysical acts, such as insults or social rejection, aimed at harming the social connection between the victim and other people

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23
Q

bullying aggression

A

unprovoked, repeated physical or verbal attack, especially on victims who are unlikely to defend themselves

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24
Q

psychlogical control

A

disciplinary technique that involves threatening to withdraw love and support and that relies on a child’s feelings of guilt and gratitude to the parents

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25
sex differences
biological differences between males and females in organs, hormones and body type
26
gender differences
differences in the roles and behaviors of males and females that are prescribed by the culture
27
phallic stage
freud's 3rd stage of development, when the penis becomes the focal point of concern and pleasure
28
oedipus complex
unconscious desire of young boys to replace their father and win their mother's romantic love
29
superego
psychoanalytic theory, the judgemental part of the personality that internalizes the moral standards of the parents
30
electra complex
unconscious desire of girls to replace their mother and win their father's romantic love
31
identification
attempt to defends one's self-concept by taking on the behaviors and attitudes of someone else
32
gender schema
a cognitive concept of general belief based on one's experiences-- in this case a child's understanding of sex differneces
33
middle childhood
period between early childhood and early adolecence ages 6-11
34
bmi
a persons weight in kilos divided by the square of hight in meters
35
overweight
in a child a bmi above 85th percentile,
36
obesity
a child having bmi above 95th percentile
37
asthma
chronic disease of respiratory system in which inflammation narrowa the airways from the nose and mouth to lungs, causing difficulty breathing. signs and symptoms include weezing, shortness of breth, chest tightness and coughing
38
reaction time
the time it takes to respond to a stimulus, either physically (with a relexive movement such as an eyeblink) or cognitively (with a thought)
39
selective attention
the ability to concentrate on some stimuli while ignoring others
40
automatization
process in which repitition of a sequence of thoughts and actions makes the sequence routine, so that it no longer requires consciousness thought
41
aptitude
the potential to master a specific skill or to learn a certain body of knowledge
42
IQ test
test designed to measure intellectual aptitude, or ability to learn in school. originally intellegence was defined as mental age / chronological age x 100 = IQ
43
achievement test
measure of mastery or proficiency in reading, math, writing, sciences and some other subject
44
flynn effect
rise in average IQ scores that has occured over the decades in many nations
45
multiple intelligences
idea that human intellegence is comprised of a varied set of abilities rather than a single, all encompassing one
46
developmental pathology
feild that uses insights into typical development to understand and remediate developmental disorders
47
comorbid
refers to the presence of two or more unrelated disease conditions at the same time in the same person
48
multifinality
basic principle of developmental psychopathy that holds that one cause can have many (multiple) fuinal manefestations
49
equifinality
basic principle of developmental psychopathy that holds that one symptom can have many causes
50
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
ADHD - condition in which a person not only has difficulty concentrating for more that a few moments but also is inattentive, implusive , and overactive
51
bipolar disorder
condition characterized by extreme moodswings, from euphoria to deep depression, not caused by outside experiences
52
learning disability
marked delay in a particular area of learning; not caused by apparent physical disability mental retardation, or by unusually stressful home environment
53
dyslexia
unusual difficulty with reading thought to be the resut of some neurological underdevelopment
54
autism
developmental disorder marked by an inability to relate to other people normally, extreme self absorbtion, and an inability to acquire normal speech
55
autism spectrum disorder
any of several disorders characterized by inadequate social skills, impaired communication and unusual play
56
lest restrictive environment LRE
legal requirement that children with special needs be assigned to the most general educational context in which they can be expected to learn
57
response to intervention RTI
educational strategy intended to help children in early grades who demonstrate below average achievement by means of special intervention
58
individual education plan IEP
document that specifies educational goals and plans for a child with special needs
59
acceleration
educating gifted children alongside other children of the same mental age; not chronilogical age.
60
concrete operational thought
piagets term for the ability to reason logicallyabout direct experiences and perceptions
61
classification
logical priciple that things can be organized into groups (or categories or classes) according to some characteristic they have in common
62
transitive inference
ability to figureout unspoken link between one fact and another
63
sensory memory
component of the info processing system, which incoming stimulus info is stored for a second to allow it to be processed (aka sensory register)
64
working memory
component of the info processing system in which current conscious mental activity occurs. (aka shrt term mem)
65
long term memory
component of the info processing system in which virtually limitless amounts of info can be stored indefinitely
66
knowledge base
body of knowledge in a particuar area that makes it easier to masterew info in that area
67
control processes
mechnisms (selective attention, metacog,emo regulation) combine memory, processing speed, and knowledge to regulate the analysis and flow of info within the infro processing system (aka executive processes).
68
metacognition
thinking about thinking
69
pragmatics
practical use of language that includes the ability to adjust language communication according to audience and context
70
hidden curriculum
unofficial or implcit rules n priorities that influence the academic curriculum and every other aspect of learning in a school
71
immersion
strategy which school subjects occurs in the second (usually the majority) language that a child is learning
72
bilingual schooling
strategy in which school subjects are taught in both the learners original language and the majority (second) lingo
73
trends in math n science study TIMSS
international assessment of math and science skills of 4-8th graders.
74
progress in international reading literacy study (PIRLS)
inaugurated in 2001, a planned 5 year cycle of international trend studies in the reading ability of 4th graders
75
no child left behind
u.s. law 2001 intended to increase accountability in edu by requiring states qualify for federal edu funding by administer standardize testing to measure school achievement
76
national assessment of educational progress NAEP
ongoing n nationally rep measure of u.s. children's achievement on reading, math and other subjects; aka nations report card
77
phonics approach
teaching reading by first teaching the sounds of heach letter and various letter combos
78
whole language approach
teaching reading by encouraging early use of all language skills-- talking and listening, reading and writing
79
charter school
public school with its own set of standards that is funded and licensed by the state or local district in which it is located
80
private school
school funded by tuition charges, endowments and often religious or other non profit sponsors
81
voucher
public subsidy for tuition payment at a non public school. vouchers vary from place to place amount/ availability, restrictions in who gets them and what schools accept them
82
home schooling
education in which children are taught at home; usually by their parents
83
industry vs inferiority
4th crises erikson- children attempt to master many skills; developing sense of themselves as either industrious or inferior, competent or incomp
84
latency
freud- middle childhood; childrens emo drives & psychosex needs are quiet (latent) sexual conflicts from earlier stages are temp submerged, bursting forth at puberty
85
effortful control
ability to regulate ones emotions and actions through effort no natural inclination
86
fam structure
legal and genetic relationships among relatives in the same home; includes all fam
87
fam function
ways fam works to meet the needs of its members; providing basics, encouraging, developing self respect ; morals
88
xtended fam
3 or more generation living in a household
89
child culture
particular habits, styles and values that reflect set of rules n rituals that characterize children from adult society
90
aggressive-rejected
rejected by peers because of antagoistic confrontational behavior
91
withdrawn rejected
rejected by peers because of timid, withdrawn and anxious behavior
92
bully victim
someone who attacks others and who is attacked as well aka proactive victims; elicit bulliying
93
preconventional moral reasoning
kohlbergs 1st level; emphasizing rewards and punishments
94
conventional moral reasoning
2nd lvl; emphasizing social rues
95
postconventional moral reasoning
3rd lvl; emphasizing moral principals

Developmental Psych (5 decks)

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