ch 10

Question 1

initial force of attraction between a single
antigen-binding site on an antibody molecule and a single
epitope of the corresponding antigen

Answer 1

Affinity

Question 2

overall strength of antigen-antibody binding
produced from the sum of the binding sites.

Answer 2

avidity

Question 3

antigen too small to illicit production of antibody by
itself; must be bound to a larger carrier

Answer 3

hapten

Question 4

antigenic determinant; part of the Antigen that
binds to the antibody’s Fab triggering the production of antibody
or activating T-cells

Answer 4

epitope

Question 5

which immunoglobulin is better at precipitation and agglutination reactions?

Answer 5

IgM has higher avidity (than other IgG) because
it has the potential to bind 10 different
antigens

Question 6

Soluble antigen is
combined with soluble homologous antibody to
produce insoluble complexes that are visible as
lattice formation

Answer 6

Precipitation Reactions

Question 7

Soluble + Soluble=

Answer 7

insoluble

Question 8

zone of Antibody excess

Answer 8

Prozone

Question 9

where does optimal lattice formation become visible

Answer 9

Zone of Equivalence

Question 10

where does visible lattice formation become soluble again?

Answer 10

postzone

Question 11

measures reduction in light intensity due to cloudiness

Answer 11

immunoturbidimetry (automated)

Question 12

measures light that is scattered at a particular angle

Answer 12

nephelometry (automated)

Question 13

Antibody is in the support gel, and antigen is placed in a well cut into the gel. Antigen diffuses out and
reacts with antibody to form a ring of precipitation around the well.

Answer 13

Radial Immunudiffusion
(RID): A manual, single-
diffusion technique

Question 14

Wells are cut into a gel, and both antigen and antibody diffuse out radially. A line of precipitate forms where antigen and antibody meet in equivalent amounts. make three possible patterns: identity, partial identity and non identity.

Answer 14

Ouchterlony: A double-diffusion technique

Question 15

Fusion of the lines
at their junction to form an
arc

Answer 15

identity

Question 16

a pattern of
crossed lines demonstrates
two separate reactions and
indicates that the compared
antigens haven no common
epitopes

Answer 16

non identity

Question 17

ndicated
by fusion of two lines. Two
antigens share a common
epitope. The spur points to
the Ag that reacts least to
the Ab. (simpler Ag)

Answer 17

partial identity

Question 18

what does a ring around the well indicates for an ouchterlony test

Answer 18

non specific precipitation reaction

Question 19

form visible aggregation of particles resulting from combination with specific antibody; visible Clumps mostly qualitative indicating the absence or presence of Ag or Ab

Answer 19

Agglutination test

Question 20

Uses particles with naturally occurring antigens to test for antibodies in patient serum

Answer 20

Direct Agglutination

Question 21

Uses particles that are coated with antigens not normally
found on their surfaces; detects presence of antibody

Answer 21

Passive Agglutination (Indirect)

Question 22

Antibody is
attached to the carrier particle; detects if Antigen is present in patient

Answer 22

Reverse passive agglutination

Question 23

Based on competition between particulate and soluble antigens for limited antibody-combining sites; lack of agglutination is a positive reaction

Answer 23

Agglutination Inhibition

Question 24

Used to detect antibodies to certain viruses that can bind to RBCs and
agglutinate them

Answer 24

Hemagglutination inhibition