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ميدكال > Ch 10 > Flashcards

Ch 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

Escherichia coli Distinguishing Features is ?

A

▪ Gram-negative rod
▪ Facultative anaerobic, oxidase negative
▪ E. coli is a lactose fermenter: colonies with
iridescent green sheen on EMB
▪ Possesses numerous virulence factors help
bacteria adhere to host tissues and evade
immune responses.

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2
Q

.اعطيني أنواع خطرة من EC ?

A

Enterohemorrhagic strains O157:H7

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3
Q

EC Responsible for:

A

80% of community-acquired UTIs
▪ Most gram-negative rod sepsis cases
▪ Various forms of gastroenteritis

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4
Q

EC Transmission?

A

• Endogenous
• Fecal-oral
• Maternal fecal flora

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5
Q

كيف تنتقل ال EC في ال (UTI) ؟

A

E. coli الموجودة طبيعيًا في الأمعاء تنتقل لمجرى البول وتبدأ بالانتشار.

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6
Q

كيف تسبب ال EC المرض في ال UTI ؟

A

Motility
Adherence to uroepithelium pyelonephritis associated pili, X-adhesins, B hemolytic (many)
Hemolysin HlyA (causes tissue damage and inflammation)

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7
Q

Hemolysin HlyA causes ؟

A

‏ tissue damage and inflammatio

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8
Q

UTI Urinary tract infection (most common cause) Clinical Clues is ?

A

Gram (-) bacilli,
≥105 CFU/ml

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9
Q

UTI Urinary tract infection symptoms is ?

A

Dysuria, frequent urination, flank pain.

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10
Q

UTI Urinary tract infection treatment is ?

A

Fluoroquinolone or sulfonamides

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11
Q

Transmission of Neonatal septicemia/ meningitis (second most common cause) is ?

A

Maternal fecal flora contaminate during parturition

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12
Q

كيف تسبب مرض ال Neonatal septicemia ؟

A

Capsule: K1 serotype, endotoxin

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13
Q

تشخيص ال NS ؟

A

• تحليل الدم أو السائل النخاعي (Cerebrospinal fluid).
• تكون البكتيريا سالبة الجرام (Gram -

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14
Q

شو علاج ال NS ؟

A

Ceftriaxone

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15
Q

كيف تنتقل ال Septicemia

A

Indwelling IV lines, cytotoxic drugs damage intestinal mucosa, allow escape

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16
Q

كيف تسبب المرض ال Septicemia؟

A

تطلق الإندوتوكسين الذي يؤدي إلى رد فعل مناعي قوي

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17
Q

ما أعراض ال Septicemia ؟

A

Fever, chills, hypotension,
multi-organ failure.

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18
Q

ما تشخيص ال Septicemia؟

A

• تحليل الدم للكشف عن E. coli.
• تكون سالبة الجرام وسالبة الأوكسيداز (Gram -ve, Oxidase -

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19
Q

ما علاج ال Septicemia

A

Fluoroquinolones، Cephalosporins

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20
Q

Enterotoxigenic
E. coli Transmission by ?

A

Fecal oral
عبر الأطعمة والمياه الملوثة

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21
Q

LT toxin is ?

A

heat-labile toxin stimulates adenylate cyclase by ADP
ribosylation of Gs

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22
Q

ST toxin is ?

A

stimulates guanylate cyclase; capsule impedes phagocytosis; colonizing factor adhesins bind to mucosa

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23
Q

يتم تحفيز ال adenylate cyclase بواسطة ؟

A

ADP
ribosylation of Gs

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24
Q

Enterotoxigenic
E. coli symptoms ?

A

Noninflammatory diarrhea, identify enterotoxin by immunoassay, bioassay,
DNA probe

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25
Enterotoxigenic E. coli treatments is ?
Rehydration, TMP/ SMX may shorten symptoms
26
كيف تتسبب ال Enteropathogenic E. coli؟
Adherence to M cells → rearrangement of actin and effacement of brush border microvilli
27
Enteropathogenic E. coli symptoms is ?
Noninflammatory diarrhea in babies in developing countries
28
Enteropathogenic E. coli treatment is ?
Beta-lactams
29
Enteroinvasive E. coli pathogens is ?
Invades large bowel Inflammatory diarrhea; similar to shigellosis, induces formation of actin jet trails
30
Enteroinvasive E. coli symptoms is ?
Inflammatory diarrhea, blood, pus, fever, abdominal pain
31
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli pathogens is ?
Verotoxin: Shigella-like toxins 1 and 2, decreased protein synthesis by interfering with 60S ribosomal subunit
32
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli symptoms is ?
No fever, no PMNs, blood in stool, nonfermenters of sorbitol; may progress to hemorrhagic colitis and HUS; most common in children age <5 years
33
Enteroaggregative E. coli is ?
Noninflammatory diarrhea in adults and children in United States
34
Enteroaggregative E. coli treatment is ?
Ciprofloxacin if warranted
35
تفرز ال E. Coli O157:H7 سم خطير ألا هو ؟
Shiga-like toxin (Verotoxin)
36
Haemolytic uremic syndrome symptoms is ?
Abdominal pain Bloody Diharrhea Fever Seizures Lethargy
37
ماذا يفعل ال Shiga-like toxin (Verotoxin) ؟
Microanglopathic hemolytic anemia Thrombocytopenia Renal insufficiency
38
Haemolytic uremic syndrome Treatment?
- Mainly supportive - Dialysis - No antibiotic - Plasmapharesis - Eculizumabin (recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody) sever CNS involvement
39
immunomagnetic separation (IMS) is ?
techniques that can increase the sensitivity of culture
40
ما هي أنواع ال KLEBSIELLA ؟
granulomatis ، oxytoca، Rhinoscleromatis ، Ozaenae
41
Klebsiella pneumoniae Distinguishing Features is ?
▪ Gram-negative rods with large polysaccharide capsule ▪ Mucoid, lactose-fermenting colonies on MacConkey agar ▪ Oxidase negative
42
Klebsiella pneumoniae Transmission is ?
endogenous
43
What the most common of pneumonia in alcoholics ?
S. pneumoniae
44
Sputum is generally ?
thick and bloody (currant jelly) but not foul- smelling as in anaerobic aspiration pneumonia
45
Septicemia is ?
in immunecompromised patients, may originate from bowel defect or invasion of IV line
46
Urinary tract infection is ?
catheter-related (nosocomial) from fecal contamination of catheters
47
الأمراض التي تسببها ال Klebsiella pneumoniae ؟
urinary tract infection (UTI), pneumonia, intra-abdominal infection, bloodstream infection (BSI), meningitis and pyogenic liver abscess
48
Common causes of Urinary tract infection Common Gram-positive is ?
S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, Enterococcus spp.
49
Common causes of Urinary tract infection Gram-negative is ?
E. coli, Proteus spp. Klebsiella, Enterobacter, P. aeruginosa
50
What is the treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae ?
cephalosporin with or without an aminoglycoside
51
What is the Prevention of Klebsiella pneumoniae ?
good catheter care, limit use
52
شو الأمراض التي تسببها ال Klebsiella pneumoniae ؟
Pneumonia, UTIs, sepsis, meningitis
53
شو علاج ال Klebsiella pneumoniae ؟
Cephalosporins, carbapenems, aminoglycosides
54
شو الأمراض يلي بتسببهم Klebsiella oxytoca؟
UTIs, sepsis. Antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis (AAHC)
55
شو علاج ال Klebsiella oxytoca؟
Fluoroquinolones. Withdrawal of antimicrobial agents
56
شو الأمراض يلي بتسببها Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae؟
Chronic atrophic rhinitis (ozena
57
شو علاج ال Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae ؟
Aminoglycosides, quinolones; surgical care
58
شو الأمراض يلي بتسببها ال Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. rhinoscleromatis ؟
Rhinoscleroma (nasal/respiratory granulomas
59
شو علاج ال Rhinoscleroma (nasal/respiratory granulomas؟
Long-term tetracyclines, rifampin, ciprofloxacin
60
شو الأمراض يلي بتسببها ال Klebsiella granulomatis ؟
Granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
61
شو علاج ال Klebsiella granulomatis؟
Doxycycline, azithromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
62
63
Distinguishing Features of Enterobacter is ?
Motile, lactose-fermenting, encapsulated, indole-negative, and resistant to colistin
64
Enterobacter Reservoir is ?
Human gut, soil, water, hospital environments
65
Enterobacter Pathogenesis is ?
Opportunistic infections (UTIs, pneumonia, bacteremia); produces AmpC β-lactamases (antibiotic resistance
66
Distinguishing Features of Cronobacter is ?
Motile, yellow-pigmented colonies, can survive in dry environments (e.g., powdered formula
67
Cronobacter Reservoir is ?
Powdered infant formula (Milk), soil, water, plants
68
Cronobacter Pathogenesis is ?
Neonatal meningitis, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis; invades intestinal epithelium and bloodstream
69
Distinguishing Features of Hafnia is ?
Motile, non-lactose fermenter, H2S- negative, lysine decarboxylase- positive
70
Reservoir of Hafnia is ?
GI tract of animals/humans, environment, sewage
71
Hafnia Pathogenesis is ?
Rare opportunistic infections (bacteremia, UTIs); role in gastroenteritis is debated.
72
Distinguishing Features of Serratia is ?
Red pigment (prodigiosin) in some species (e.g., S. marcescens), DNase and lipase-positive
73
Serratia Reservoir is ?
Soil, water, hospital surfaces, human respiratory/urinary tracts
74
Serratia Pathogenesis is ?
Nosocomial infections (pneumonia, UTIs, wound infections); produces biofilms and hydrolytic enzymes (e.g., gelatinase
75
Distinguishing Features of Citrobacter is ?
Utilizes citrate as sole carbon source, H2S-positive (e.g., C. freundii), motile
76
Citrobacter Reservoir is ?
Human/animal gut, soil, water, healthcare settings
77
Citrobacter Pathogenesis is ?
UTIs, sepsis, neonatal meningitis (brain abscesses); produces endotoxins and siderophores for iron acquisition
78
Edwardsiella Distinguishing Features is ?
Motile, H2S-positive, indole- positive, non-lactose fermenter, oxidase-negative
79
Edwardsiella Reservoir is ?
Freshwater, fish, reptiles, amphibians
80
Edwardsiella Pathogenesis is ?
Gastroenteritis, wound infections (e.g., cellulitis), sepsis; virulence factors include hemolysins and adhesion proteins
81
من هو المسبب ل Rhinoscleroma؟
Klebsiella rhinoscler
82
من الذي يسبب ال Pneumocephalus ؟
K. pneumoniae
83
Citrobacter may harbor plasmid-mediated
AmpC β-lactamases
84
مين البكتيريا يلي red pigment (prodigiosin) ؟
Serratia’s
85

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