Ch 15

Question 1

Brucella is

Answer 1

Gram-negative, nonencapsulated coccobacilli. Strictly aerobic (some strains require CO2) Facultative intracellular

Question 2

Undulant fever is

Answer 2

(gradual increase in temperature that
remains high for a few days, and then
gradually decreases to normal)

Question 3

تكون ال B. abortus في ؟

Answer 3

Cattle

Question 4

تكون ال B.melitensis في ؟

Answer 4

goats, sheep

Question 5

يكون ال B. suis في ؟

Answer 5

Swine

Question 6

يكون ال B. canis في ؟

Answer 6

Dog and other canids

Question 7

Brucella Endotoxin is ?

Answer 7

O chain of LPS is a key virulence marker

Question 9

Brucella Transmission is ?

Answer 9

▪ Direct Contact: Handling infected animals (e.g., slaughterhouses, farms)
▪ Ingestion: Consuming unpasteurized milk/dairy (Uncooked white cheese)
▪ Inhalation: Laboratory exposure, bioterrorism concerns
▪ Other routes:
❖ Conjunctival
❖ Blood transfusion
❖ Transplacental,
❖ ? person to person.
➢ Animal Reservoirs: Shed in milk, urine, birth products

Question 10

Brucella Symptoms is ?

Answer 10

▪ Fever (intermittent, undulant pattern)
▪ Malaise, fatigue, sweats, myalgia, arthralgia, weight loss
▪ Nonproductive cough
▪ Advanced disease: GI symptoms, osteolytic lesions, respiratory issues

Question 11

Fourfold increase in

Answer 11

titer
antibodies against Brucella

Question 12

Brucella Diagnosis by

Answer 12

➢ Culture is hazardous
➢ Serum agglutination test
➢ Fourfold increase in titer
antibodies against Brucella

Question 13

First-Line Therapy of Brucella is

Answer 13

Doxycycline + Rifampin

Question 14

ما اسم طعم الحيوانات من Brucella ؟

Answer 14

abortus strain RB51

Question 15

Brucella Human Prevention is ?

Answer 15

▪ Avoid unpasteurized dairy products
▪ Laboratory safety precautions
▪ Protective gear for high-risk occupations

Question 16

Bartonella is ?

Answer 16

Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacteria

Question 17

كيف تنتقل ال B. bacilliformis ؟

Answer 17

Sandflies (Phlebotomus)

Question 18

كيف تنتقل ال B. quintana ؟

Answer 18

Human body lice

Question 19

كيف تنتقل ال B. henselae ؟

Answer 19

Cat scratches, bites
flea exposure

Question 20

Bartonella bacilliformis Clinical Phases is ?

Answer 20

Oroya Fever (Acute Phase Verruga Peruana (Chronic Phase)

Question 21

Acute Phase in Bartonella bacilliformis symptoms is ?

Answer 21

Hemolytic anemia, fever, myalgia, arthralgia,
headache

Question 22

Chronic Phase of Bartonella bacilliformis symptoms is ?

Answer 22

Angioproliferative skin nodules

Question 23

Bartonella quintana Clinical Features is ?

Answer 23

▪ Severe headache, fever, weakness, bone pain
(tibia pain classic)
▪ Relapsing 5-day fever cycles

Question 24

Associated Conditions of Bartonella quintana is ?

Answer 24

▪ Bacillary angiomatosis in immunocompromised
patients (HIV/AIDS)
▪ Endocarditis

Question 25

شو اسم المرض يلي بتسببوا ال Bartonella bacilliformis ؟

Answer 25

Carrión’s Disease

Question 26

شو اسم المرض يلي بتسببوا ال Bartonella quintana ؟

Answer 26

Trench Fever

Question 27

تسبب ال Bartonella hensela مرض ؟

Answer 27

Cat Scratch Disease

Question 28

Clinical Features of Bartonella henselae in immunocompetent individuals ?

Answer 28

Chronic regional lymphadenopathy

Question 29

Clinical Features of Bartonella henselae in immunocompromised patients is ?

Answer 29

❖ Bacillary angiomatosis (vascular lesions on skin/liver/spleen) ❖ Subacute endocarditis ❖ Peliosis hepatis, splenic peliosis ❖ Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome (POS)

Question 30

ليش ال Bartonella تختبئ داخل ال erythrocytes ؟

Answer 30

لأنو هي lack MHC molecules

Question 31

Bartonella Intracellular survival how ?

Answer 31

By Invasion of endothelial cells and erythrocytes

Question 32

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF is ?

Answer 32

angiogenesis

Question 33

Bartonella Virulence factors is ?

Answer 33

T4SS Lipopolysaccharide with weak endotoxin activity

Question 34

Warthin-Starry silver staining is ?

Answer 34

هي عبارة عن صبغة خاصة م تصبع بها البكتيريا ال Bartonella

Question 35

Bartonella Diagnosis by ?

Answer 35

Blood culture Serology PCR Histopathology

Question 36

لو عند المريض “bacillary angiomatosis”، ونفحصنا العينة بصبغة Warthin-Starry، هنشوف البكتيريا واضحة على شكل ؟

Answer 36

خطوط سوداء وسط الأنسجة

Question 37

Bacillary angiomatosis lesions show in ?

Answer 37

Warthin- Starry silver staining

Question 38

Supportive care Management of complications like

Answer 38

anemia and endocarditis.

Question 39

Bartonella Prevention is ?

Answer 39

Personal hygiene Early diagnosis and treatment Vector control Avoidance of cat scratches/bites

Question 40

Prevention of lice infestation by ?

Answer 40

Personal hygiene

Question 41

Sandfly and flea eradication by

Answer 41

Vector control

Question 42

Streptobacillus moniliformis is

Answer 42

Gram-negative, pleomorphic rod Poor staining, especially in older cultures Forms granules, bead-like chains, and long filaments

Question 43

وين بتكون موجودة ال Streptobacillus moniliformis ؟

Answer 43

Nasopharynx of rats and other rodents

Question 44

Streptobacillus moniliformis Transmission by ?

Answer 44

▪ Rat bites or scratches (Most common) ▪ Consumption of contaminated food or water (Haverhill fever)

Question 45

بتكون ال Streptobacillus moniliformis خطيرة على ؟

Answer 45

❖ Children with pet rats ❖ Laboratory workers ❖ Pet shop employees

Question 46

Streptobacillus moniliformis Clinical Presentation is ?

Answer 46

Rat-Bite Fever اللي بييجي من عضة أو (خدش فار Haverhill Fever (اللي بييجي من أكل أو شرب حاجة ملوثة)

Question 47

Rat-Bite Fever Initial symptoms is ?

Answer 47

❖ Irregular fever ❖ Headache, chills, muscle pain ❖ Migratory polyarthralgia

Question 48

Rat-Bite Fever Later symptoms is ?

Answer 48

❖ Maculopapular or petechial rash ❖ Hemorrhagic rash (on hands and feet) ❖ Can lead to septic arthritis and endocarditis

Question 49

Haverhill Fever symptoms is ?

Answer 49

Similar Rat-Bite Fever symptoms but more severe gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, pharyngitis)

Question 50

Streptobacillus moniliformis Diagnosis is ?

Answer 50

Blood and joint fluid cultures Slow growth Broth culture appearance: "Puffballs"Agar colonies: Small, round Fried-egg colonies in cell wall-defective variants

Question 51

Most reliable method in Streptobacillus moniliformis Diagnosis is ?

Answer 51

16S rRNA gene sequencing

Question 52

Streptobacillus moniliformis First-line antibiotic is ?

Answer 52

Penicillin

Question 53

في حال ما تم معالجة ال Streptobacillus moniliformis شو بصير ؟

Answer 53

High mortality (~10%) Even with treatment: Some patients have persistent symptoms (polyarthralgias, fatigue, rash)

Question 54

Prevention and Public Health Measures from Streptobacillus moniliformis is

Answer 54

▪ Rodent control ▪ Protective gear for at-risk individuals (e.g., laboratory workers) ▪ Proper wound care after rat bites ▪ Avoid consumption of contaminated food/water