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Oral Pathology Test 2 > ch. 10 > Flashcards

ch. 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of HPV causes Squamous papilloma most often?

A

6

11

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2
Q

What is a squamous papilloma?

A

stratified squamous epithelium proliferates (bump), benign

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3
Q

What does squamous papilloma look like?

A

Cauliflower (white, stalk)

Pedunculated (head is wider than the base)

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4
Q

What’s the differential diagnosis for squamous papilloma?

A

Verruca Vulgaris
Condyoloma acuminata
Verruciform Xanthoma

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5
Q

What is verruca vulgaris? What color? Is it contagious?

A

common wart
white (cause of hyper keratin)
contagious

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6
Q

What is the differential diagnosis for verruca vulgaris?

A

same as squamous papilloma

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7
Q

What is a condyloma acuminatum? how is it transmitted?

A 
HPV wart (6,11)
sexual contact
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8
Q

What’s the difference in papilloma vs condyloma?

A

Papilloma: smaller, lots of projections
Condyloma: bigger, more cobblestone looking, not many projections

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9
Q

What risk do anogenital Condyloma acuminatum have?

A

possible the hpv16,18 can become squamous cell carcinoma

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10
Q

What is HECK’s disease?

A

multifocal epithelial hyperplasia

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11
Q

What causes Heck’s disease (multifocal epithelial hyperplasia)?

A

HPV 13, 32

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12
Q

If condyloma acuminatum appears in a child what should you suspect?

A

Sexual abuse

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13
Q

What’s a sinonasal papilloma?

A

a goober lesion in the nose

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14
Q

What causes molluscum contagiosum?

A

DNA Poxvirus

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15
Q

What’s the other name for molluscum bodies?

A

Henderson paterson bodies

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16
Q

What do molluscum cont. look like? remission?

A

smooth, skin colored papules, 9 month remission

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17
Q

What’s another thing verruciform xanthoma looks like?

A

squamous papilloma

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18
Q

What is seborrheic keratosis?

A

extra oral benign proliferation of epidermal basal cells (looks like big brown moles)

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19
Q

What is Dermatosis papulosa nigra?

A

a form of seborrheic keratosis in Africans (Morgan Freeman)

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20
Q

What is Leser-Trelat sign?

A

a type of Seborrheic keratosis, 100’s of them show up because of underlying malignancy in the body

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21
Q

What is a freckle called?

A

Ephelis

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22
Q

What does UV light do to ephelis?

A

darkens the lesion

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23
Q

What does UV light do to Actinic lentigo?

A

Doesn’t darken it.

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24
Q

What causes Actinic lentigo?

A

Chronic UV exposure, brown macule

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25
Where is actinic lentigo common?
hands, head, arms
26
What is lentigo simplex?
increase in melanocytes, unknown cause, UV light doesn't affect
27
What is melasma associated with?
Pregnant, UV light exposure
28
What does melasma look like?
symmetrical hyperpigmentation of the face, UV light affects it.
29
What is a oral melanotic macule?
Brown asymptomatic macule in the mouth (freckle in the mouth)
30
Where's the most common site of oral melanotic macule? what's it called?
Lips | Labial melanotic macule
31
What does an oral melanotic macule look similar to?
Early melanoma
32
What is an oral melanoacanthoma?
Acquired pigmentation on buccal mucosa, most in african american, because of birth control common and traumatic injury. Rapidly growing
33
What is worriesome about oral melanoacanthoma?
It grows rapidly like melanoma
34
What's an acquired melanocytic nevus?
AKA Mole | benign localized proliferation of cells from the neural crest
35
What's the most common all adult benign tumors?
acquired melanocytic nevus
36
What's a congenital melanocytic nevus?
Birthmark mole
37
What is common in giant hairy nevus?
Hypertrichosis
38
What is a halo nevus?
Melanocytic nevus surrounded by hypopigmentation
39
Why do you see blue color in Blue nevus?
Tyndall effect (absorption of light wavelengths)
40
What is a blue nevus? size? shape
palatal benign proliferation of melanocytes | small symetrical
41
Where is blue nevus common?
palate
42
What is leukoplakia? (know this word for word)
Intraoral white plaque that does not rub off and cannot be identified as any well known entity
43
What is leukoplakia indicative of?!!!!! know this
pre-malignant lesion
44
How often is leukoplakia pre cancerous? how often is it just hyperkeratosis?
20% | 80%
45
White lesions that rub off?
``` Materia alba White coated tongue (plaque coated) Candidiasis Burn Sloughing from tongue ```
46
How many leukoplakia patients smoke?
80%
47
What are the order for chance of cancer? least to greatest chance plakia's???????????????????????
Leukoplakia Erythroleukoplakia Erythoplakia PVL
48
What percentage of oral precancer starts as leukoplakia?
85%
49
What are the etiologies of leukoplakia?
``` Tobacco Alcohol Sanguinaria UV radiation Microorganisms Trauma ```
50
What is Sanguinaria and what can it cause?
Herbal extract in toothpaste and mouthwash | Leukoplakia in maxillary vestibule
51
If leukoplakia is found on the lower lip vermillion what likely caused it ?
UV radiation
52
What is proliferative verrucous leukoplakia?
A special high risk form of leukoplakia
53
What does proliferative verrucous leukoplakia look like?
multiple keratotic plaques with roughened surface projections
54
How many leukoplakias actually become Squamous cell carcinoma?
5% (becuase we catch it early)
55
What is erythroplakia?
Red patch that cannot be diagnosed as any other condition
56
Are erythroplakia's benign?
No
57
What three areas get erythroplakia?
Floor of mouth Ventral Tongue Soft Palate
58
What does erythroplakia look like?
Red, well demarcated macule
59
How often is a biopsy necessary for erythroplakia?
All the time
60
How often is a biopsy necessary for erythroleukoplakia?
All the time
61
What does smokeless tobacco keratosis look like?
White leukoplakia, edematous white tissue where they place the tobacco, wrinkled skin.
62
If the smokeless tobacco keratosis doesn't disappear in 6 weeks after quitting what should you do?
Biopsy it
63
What is oral submucous fibrosis?
Chronic, progressive, scarring, high-risk precancer because of Quid
64
What happens with Oral submucous fibrosis?
The elasticity of the mucosa disappears and they can't open their mouth.
65
How many smokeless tobacco users get cancer?
1%
66
How many Quid users (oral submucous fibrosis) get cancer?
10%
67
What is nicotine stomatitis?
White keratotic change on the palate due to heat, numerous papules, looks like roughened palate
68
How much more likely are "reverse smokers" to get cancer?
15 times more likely
69
How long does nicotine stomatitis last if they quit smoking?
2 weeks
70
What is actinic keratosis? how common in white adults?
Scaly plaque cutaneous premalignant lesion from UV | 50% of white adults
71
How many actinic keratosis progress to SCC (squamous cell carcinoma)? How long?
10% in two years
72
What is actinic cheilosis?
Same as the actinic keratosis but on the lip
73
What is squamous cell carcinoma?
squamous cells in the mucosa that become malignant
74
What percent of oral cancer is SCC?
95%
75
SCC tobacco what to know?
2packs per day: 5 X's the risk | 4 packs per day: 17 X's the risk
76
SCC alcohol what to know? | Iron deficiency what to know?
1/3 of patients are heavy drinkers | Iron deficiency: Plummer Vinson syndrome
77
What areas (1-4) have most common SCC?
1. Posterior lateral ventral tongue 2. Floor of mouth 3. Soft palate 4. Gingiva
78
How does SCC spread metastatically?
Through the lymphatics (ipsilateral cervical lymph nodes)
79
What does TNM stand for?
size of TUMOR involved lymph NODES distant METASTASIS
80
Is clinical staging (TMN) a better prognostic indicator than histology?
YES
81
What is field cancerization?
the tendency to develop multiple mucosal cancers after having one already
82
What is verrucous carcinoma?
aka Snuff dippers cancer (mandibular usually) | White thick plaqure, well demarcated.
83
What to know about nasopharyngeal carcinoma causes? | What does it look like?
``` Ebstein barr virus Vit C deficiency Eating salt fish with N-nitro Tobacco (Huge swollen lymph nodes) ```
84
What to know about basal cell carcinoma?
Most common of all cancer | UV exposure as a child is worse.
85
What does basal cell carcinoma look like?
Ulcerated bump on the skin | superficial capillary
86
What's the cure rate for Basal cell carcinoma?
98%
87
What is melanoma? What is a risk factor?
Malignant neoplasm of melonocyte origin | From intense UV sunburns
88
How common are deaths from Melanoma vs other cancer?
Melanoma is most likely to kill you
89
What is radical vs vertical cancer spreading?
Radical: spreads out flattly Vertical: spreads down (becomes a tumor)
90
What is the ABCDE system for knowing the clinical features of melanoma?
``` Asymetry Border irregularity Color variation (darker is worse) Diameter (bigger than 6mm) Evolving lesions ```
91
What are the areas associated with worse prognosis of Melanoma?
BANS (back, arms, neck, scalp)
92
What's the difference in Hecks disease and condyloma accuminata? Looks similar
Hecks: had it since childhood Condyloma: sexually acquired later
93
What does verrucous carcinoma look like?
Cauliflower
94
What is actinic cheilosis indicative of? does it need a biopsy
Pre-cancer | Needs a biopsy
95
What does squamous cell carcinoma look like?
Irregular, ugly, non healing ulcer
96
What two cancers are found in the mouth?
Squamous cell carcinoma | Melanoma
97
What head and neck cancer is very rare in the mouth?
Melanoma
98
What does a primary herpetic infection look like?
Herpetic lesions all over the mouth

Oral Pathology Test 2 (10 decks)

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