CH 10

Question 1

Methods of therapeutic massage that provide sensory stimulation or mechanical change of the soft tissue of the body.

Answer 1

Techniques

Question 2

Compressive stress that can be light, moderate, deep, or varied.

Answer 2

Depth of pressure

Question 3

The location and broadness of contact.

Answer 3

Point of application

Question 4

The intensity of application.

Answer 4

Magnitude

Question 5

The flow of massage strokes from the center of the body (outward) centrigual or from the extremities inward toward the center of the body (centripetal).

Answer 5

Direction

Question 6

The amount of pull (stretch) on the tissue (tensile stress).

Answer 6

Drag

Question 7

The rate of application (fast, slow, varied).

Answer 7

Speed

Question 8

The process of regulating or changing the timing, intensity, or rate of movement.

Answer 8

Pacing

Question 9

The regularity of application of a technique.

Answer 9

Rhythm

Question 10

Refers both to the sequence of strokes (the order in which strokes are applied to a particular body area) and to overall sequence of the massage (the order in which body areas are massaged).

Answer 10

Sequencing

Question 11

Smooth and enjoyable movement from one type of technique to another type of technique, or the efficient progression of skills such as the change from undrapping a body area to the introduction of the therapist’s hands onto the client’s body.

Answer 11

Transitioning

Question 12

The number of times a method repeats itself in a time period.

Answer 12

Frequencing

Question 13

The length of time a method lasts or stays in the same location.

Answer 13

Duration

Question 14

The therapist’s focus on the client and his or her goals with a clear concept of outcome; this is related to the four main goals of massage.

Answer 14

Intention for outcome

Question 15

The first stroke of the massage; the simple laying on of the hands. AKA holding

Answer 15

Resting position

Question 16

Provides time for the client to come acclimated to the proximity of another human being.

Answer 16

Holding

Question 17

Force or method used to apply pressure into the body to spread tissue against underlying structures. Also the exertion of inappropriate pressure on nerves by hard tissue.

Answer 17

Compression

Question 18

(Gliding stroke) Horizontal strokes applied with the fingers, hand or forearm that usually follow the fiber direction of the underlying muscle, fascial planes, or dermatone pattern.

Answer 18

Effleurage

Question 19

(Kneading) Rhythmic rolling, lifting, squeezing, and wringing of soft tissue.

Answer 19

Petrissage

Question 20

Specific or transverse movements that do not glide on the skin and that are focused on the underlying tissue. A force that acts in an opposite direction to movement of a sliding object.

Answer 20

Friction

Question 21

Any effect that varies in a back-and-forth, or reciprocating manner.

Answer 21

Oscillation

Question 22

Fine or coarse tremulous movement that creates reflexive responses.

Answer 22

Vibration

Question 23

A technique in which the body area is grasped and shaken in a quick, loose movement; sometimes classified as a rhythmic mobilization.

Answer 23

Shaking

Question 24

Rhythmic movement of the body.

Answer 24

Rocking

Question 25

(Percussion) Springy blows to the body at a fast rate to create rhythmic compression of the tissue.

Answer 25

Tapotement

Question 26

The movement of the joint through its normal ROM.

Answer 26

Joint movement

Question 27

The movements of flexion, extension, abduction, addiction, and rotation; aka physiologic movements.

Answer 27

Osteokinematic movements

Question 28

Accessory movements that occur as a result of inherent laxity or joint play that exists in each joint.

Answer 28

Arthrokinematic movement

Question 29

The inherent laxity present in a joint.

Answer 29

Joint play

Question 30

An atomic structures determined by the shape and fit of the bones at the joint.

Answer 30

Anatomic barriers

Question 31

The result of the limits in ROM imposed by productive nerve and sensory functions to support optimum performance.

Answer 31

Physiologic barriers

Question 32

An adaptation of the physiologic barrier that allows the productive function to limit rather than support optimal functioning.

Answer 32

Pathological barriers

Question 33

The sensation felt when a normal joint is taken to its physiological limit (see and feel).

Answer 33

Joint end feel

Question 34

Movement of a joint through its ROM by the client.

Answer 34

Active joint movement

Question 35

Movement of a joint by the massage practitioner without the assistance of the client.

Answer 35

Passive joint movement

Question 36

Movement of a joint in which both the client and the therapist produce the movement.

Answer 36

Active assisted movement

Question 37

Movement of a joint by the client against resistance provided by the therapist.

Answer 37

Active resistive movement

Question 38

(Neuromuscular facilitation) specific use of active contraction in individual muscles or groups of muscles to initiate a relaxation response; activation of the proprioceptors to facilitate muscle tone, relaxation, and stretching.

Answer 38

Muscle energy techniques

Question 39

The position the body assumes with postural changes and muscle shortening or weakening, depending on how it has balanced against gravity.

Answer 39

Direction of ease

Question 40

The state that occurs after isometric contraction of a muscle; it results from the activity of minute neural reporting stations called the Golgi tendon bodies.

Answer 40

Postisometric relaxation (PIR)

Question 41

The effect that occurs when a muscle contracts, obliging its antagonist to relax to allow normal movement.

Answer 41

Reciprocal inhibition (RI)

Question 42

The process in which the muscle assumes a normal resting length by means of the neuromuscular mechanism.

Answer 42

Lengthening

Question 43

Mechanical tension applied to lengthen the myofascial unit (muscles and fascia); two types are longitudinal and cross-directional.

Answer 43

Stretching

Question 44

The muscle or groups of muscles on which the response of the methods is specifically focused.

Answer 44

Target muscle

Question 45

A contraction in which the effort of the target muscle or groups of muscles is partly matched by counterpressure, allowing a degree of resisted movement.

Answer 45

Isontonic contraction

Question 46

Application of a counterforce by the massage therapist while allowing the client to move, which brings the origin and insertion of the target muscle together against the pressure.

Answer 46

Concentric isontonic contraction

Question 47

Application of a counterforce while the client moved the jointed area, which allows the origin and insertion of the muscle to separate. The muscle lengthens against the pressure.

Answer 47

Eccentric isontonic action

Question 48

Movements of joint and associated muscles by the client through a full ROM against partial resistance applied by the massage therapist.

Answer 48

Multiple isotonic contractions

Question 49

The first point of resistance short of the client’s perceiving any discomfort at the physiologic or pathological barrier.

Answer 49

Comfort barrier

Question 50

Involve engaging the comfort barrier and using minute, resisted contractions (20 in 10 seconds), which introduces mechanical pumping in addition to post instruct relaxation or reciprocal inhibition.

Answer 50

Pulsed muscle energy procedures

Question 51

The technique of pushing muscle fibers together in the belly of the muscle.

Answer 51

Approximation

Question 52

The use of tender points to guide the positioning of the body into space where the muscle tension can release on its own.

Answer 52

Strain/ counter-strain

Question 53

Method of moving the body into the direction of ease; the proprioception is taken into a state of safety and may stop signaling for protective spasming.

Answer 53

Positional release technique (PRI)

Question 54

Movement of a joint in a which the therapist effects the motion.

Answer 54

Passive ROM

Question 55

Form of petrissage that lifts the skin.

Answer 55

Skin rolling