Ch 10 Ethics

Question 1

Limits of occupational exposure; usually set at 1/10 of the action limit

Answer 1

Action limits

Purpose to trigger an investigation

Question 2

Effect that a beneficial consequence of radiation for populations continuously exposed

Answer 2

Radiation Hormesis

Question 3

Annual dose limits for occupational workers is ________

But it was recommended that the dose be ______ in 1991 by NCRP

Answer 3

50mSv

20msv

Question 4

The dose limit for the lens of the eye for public/education ?
The same for occupational workers ?

Answer 4

15msv

150msv

Question 5

When one is pregnant, their dose limit should never exceed ______ during the course of pregnancy and no more than ______ in one month

Answer 5

5. 0msv

0. 5msv

Question 6

The negligible individual dose NID is _____

Answer 6

0.01 mSv

Question 7

The sum of both internal and external whole body exposures

Answer 7

CumEfD limit

Question 8

Responsible for:
Radiation safety program
Personal monitoring
Provides counseling

Answer 8

RSO

Question 9

Means the same as optimization

Answer 9

ALARA

Question 10

Who regulates manufacturing of electronic products and diagnostic equipment

Answer 10

FDA

Question 11

“Employees right to know”
Title 29
Non ionizing radiation such as microwaves

Answer 11

OSHA

Question 12

The agreement that the state enforces laws given by NRC

The agreement where NRC and state join together to enforce

Answer 12

Agreement states

Non-agreement

Question 13

Controls radiation of the environment; developed in 1970

Answer 13

EPA

Question 14

Radiation induced responses are

Answer 14

Tissue

Stochastic

Question 15

Nonstochastic and deterministic effects are

Answer 15

Cell death

Replaced by tissue reactions

Question 16

Who writes rules and regulations regarding radiation safety

Answer 16

NRC

Question 17

Studies biologic effects of ionizing radiation and risk assessments from early rad workers, atomic bomb survivors, Chernobyl

Answer 17

BEIR

Also runs current stats on techs

Question 18

In 1955, evaluation human and environmental ionizing radiation exposures
Such as radioactive material, machines, radiation incidents (Japan atomic bomb)

Answer 18

UNSCEAR

Epidemiologic studies

Question 19

Reviews regulations by the ICRP and decides whether to incorporate to the US

Answer 19

NCRP

Question 20

The center for devices and radiological Health (CDRH) is under jurisdiction by the

Answer 20

FDA

Question 21

The code of standards for diagnostic X-ray equipment regulates what

Answer 21

Automatic limitation-PBL
mA , kvp timers
Presence of “beam” indicators or warnings

Question 22

The public law of the code of standards for diagnostic X-rays is strictly

Answer 22

Equipment performance standard

Question 23

“Each patient should get the right imaging exam, at right time, and right dose”

Answer 23

White paper document by FDA

Question 24

The consumer patient radiation health and safety act of 1981 provides federal standards for

Answer 24

Minimal standards for the accreditation of education programs

Question 25

EfD and eqd limiting systems are incorporated in

Answer 25

Title 10, part 20. | A doc provided by the US office of the federal Register

Question 26

Revived recommendations for radiation induced malignancy for the NCRP is in the And in the ICRP in

Answer 26

Report 116 | Report 60

Question 27

Evaluates biologic effects from radiation and guidelines in occupational and public dose limits

Answer 27

ICRP

Question 28

In control of the manufacturing and use of radioactive substances formed in nuclear reactors

Answer 28

NRC

Question 29

Naturally occurring /accelerated produced materials aka

Answer 29

NARM EX: Thallium 201 (used in nuc med) Palladium 103 (used in prostate)

Question 30

The radiation control for health and safety act was found in

Answer 30

1968

Question 31

The ALARA concept contributes to the relationship between

Answer 31

Ionizing radiation and potential risk. | It also follows a linear non threshold model

Question 32

2 terms the ICRP and NCRP have settled on in regards to radiation effects

Answer 32

Stochastic | Tissue effects

Question 33

What are stochastic effects ?

Answer 33

* Cancer or hereditary effects | Single or small # cells r affected

Question 34

What are tissue effects?

Answer 34

Large # cells are injured | There are early and late tissue effects

Question 35

Epilaton Erythema Decrease in white cells (GI syndrome, cerebrovascular syndrome, hematopoietic syndrome)

Answer 35

Early tissue effects

Question 36

Cataracts Fibrosis Organ atrophy

Answer 36

Late tissue effects

Question 37

What effects follow both linear and linear quadratic dose curves

Answer 37

``` Stochastic effects (Random effects) ```

Question 38

A nonlinear and sigmoidal S shape threshold are effects of

Answer 38

Early and late effects

Question 39

Every organ is vulnerable to ionizing radiation despite that some are more sensitive to others; all are at risk. This was stated by

Answer 39

The NCRP

Question 40

Occupation risk as a radiographer is considered

Answer 40

Reasonably safe. | Estimated 2.5% over fatal accident over entire career

Question 41

The greatest risk for embryo fetus is during which period

Answer 41

Week 8-15weeks after conception

Question 42

Who manufactures electronic products in radiation? | Who manufactures and controls radioactive substances?

Answer 42

FDA | NRC

Question 43

The sum of both external and internal whole body dose

Answer 43

EfD

Question 44

The set of numeric dose limits based on calculations Concerns upper boundary dose results in negligible risk of body injury

Answer 44

EfD limiting system EfD limit

Question 45

A radiation quantity used for radiation protection purposes

Answer 45

EqD