Ch. 10 Gases

Question 1

Gases assume both the ____ and _____ if it’s container.

Answer 1

Shape and volume

Question 2

Gases form _____ mixtures with one another in any proportion.

Answer 2

Homogeneous

Question 3

The densities of gases are ____ than liquids and solids and are highly ____ depending on temperature and pressure.

Answer 3

Smaller

Variable

Question 4

This is the force applied per unit area.

Answer 4

Pressure

Question 5

What is the formula for pressure?

Answer 5

P=Force/area

Question 6

What is the SI unit of force?

Answer 6

Newton (N)

Question 7

What is the SI unit for pressure?

Answer 7

Pascal (Pa)

Question 8

1 standard atmosphere is \_\_\_\_\_ Pa
1 standard atmosphere is \_\_\_\_ atm
1 atm=\_\_\_\_\_ mmHg
         =\_\_\_\_\_ torr
         =\_\_\_\_\_ bar

Answer 8

101,325 Pa
1 atm
760 mmHg
760 torr
1.01325 bar

Question 9

This is pressure at seas level.

Answer 9

Standard atmosphere (atm)

Question 10

This is barometer measurement.

Answer 10

mmHg

Question 11

This is the name given to mmHg in honor of Torricelli the inventor of the barometer.

Answer 11

Torr

Question 12

Same order of magnitude of atm but a decimal multiple of Pa.

Answer 12

Bar

1 bar = 1x10^5 Pa

Question 13

A column of air with an are of 1 cm^2 has a mass of about ____.

Answer 13

1 kg

Question 14

This is an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure. It can be constructed with any dimensions because pressure is defined as force per area.

Answer 14

Barometer

Question 15

This was originally defined as the pressure that would support a column of mercury exactly 760 mm high at 0 Celsius at sea level.

Answer 15

Standard atmospheric pressure

Question 16

The pressure exerted by a column of fluid is given by:

Answer 16

P=hdg
H- height of column of fluid
D- density of fluid kg/m^3
G- acceleration due to gravity m/s^2

Question 17

This is a device used to measure pressures other than atmospheric pressure.

Answer 17

Manometer

Question 18

The physical state of a gas sample can be described by what 4 parameters?

Answer 18

1. Pressure (P)
2. Temperature (T, in kelvin)
3. Volume (V)
4. Number of miles of gas (n)

Question 19

If three of the four parameters are known the forth can be calculated using what?

Answer 19

Empirical gas laws.

Question 20

What are the 4 empirical gas laws?

Answer 20

Boyle’s Law
Charles and Gay Lussacs Law
Avogadro Law
The combined gas law

Question 21

The pressure volume relationship at constant n and T.

Answer 21

Boyle’s Law

Question 22

What is the formula for Boyle’s Law?

Answer 22

P1V1=P2V2

At constant n and T

Question 23

This is temperature- volume relationship at constant P and n.

Answer 23

Charles and Gay Lussacs Law

Question 24

What is the formula for Charles and Gays Law?

Answer 24

V1/T1=V2/T2
At constant n and P
Temps in kelvin

Question 25

This is the amount volume relationship.

Answer 25

Avogadro Law

Question 26

What is the formula for Avogadros Law?

Answer 26

V1/n1=kA=V2/n2

Question 27

This is the pressure-temperature-amount-volume relationship.

Answer 27

Combined Gas Law

Question 28

What is the formula for the Combined Gas Law?

Answer 28

PV/nT= constant P1V1/n1T1=P2V2/n2T2 P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2 for fixed amount of gas

Question 29

The volume of onemore of an ideal gas at 0 degrees Celsius and 1 atm are conditions known as?

Answer 29

Standard temperature and pressure.

Question 30

What is the calculation of standard temperature and pressure?

Answer 30

V=nRT/P V= (1mol)(.0821 L*atm/K*mol)(273.15K)/1atm =22.42L

Question 31

In calculating the required volume of a gaseous reactant at constant pressure and temperature you should invoke what? The coefficients are used as?

Answer 31

Avogadros Law | Volumes

Question 32

n=Px(V/RT) is used in determining the amount of reactant consumed using change in pressure. This can only be used when?

Answer 32

If there is a gaseous reactant and not a gaseous product.

Question 33

Using a combination of stoichiometry and the _____ _____ ____, we can calculate the volume of gas that we expect to be produced in a chemical reaction.

Answer 33

Ideal gas equation

Question 34

This law states that the total pressure exerted by a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures exerted by each component of the mixture.

Answer 34

Dalton’s law of partial pressure

Question 35

Which law do you use to solve for Dalton’s partial pressures?

Answer 35

Ideal gas law to find each partial pressure

Question 36

The mole fraction of a mixtures component is always ____ than 1.

Answer 36

Less

Question 37

The sum of mole fractions for all components of a mixture is always _____.

Answer 37

1

Question 38

The mole fraction is ______.

Answer 38

Dimensionless

Question 39

The partial pressure of water is also called?

Answer 39

The vapor pressure of water.

Question 40

Vapor pressure increases as _____ increases.

Answer 40

Temperature

Question 41

The explains how the molecular nature of gases give rise to their macroscopic properties.

Answer 41

Kinetic molecular theory

Question 42

The basic assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory are?

Answer 42

1. Gas is composed of particles that are separated by relatively large distances. The volume occupied by individual molecules is negligible. Gas particles are point masses. 2. Has molecules are constantly in random motion, moving in straight paths, colliding with the walls of their container and with one another in perfectly elastic collisions. Energy is transferred but not lost in the collisions. Collisions of the particles with the container walls are the cause of the pressure exerted by the gas. 3. Has molecules do not exert attractive or repulsive forces on one another. 4. The average kinetic energy of gas molecules in a sample is proportional to the absolute temperature.

Question 43

Velocity is a vector and has both ____ and ____.

Answer 43

Magnitude and direction

Question 44

Gases are ____because molecules in the gas phase are separated by large distances and can be moved closer together by decreasing the volume occupied by a sample.

Answer 44

Compressible