Ch. 10 Muscle and Muscle Tissue

Question 1

List of four functions of muscle tissue/muscles

Answer 1

1. Movement of bones or fluids. (Blood)
2. Maintaining posture and body position.
3. Stabilizing and strengthening joints.
4. Heat generation.(especially skeletal muscle)

Question 2

Does the following characteristics apply to skeletal, smooth and or cardiac muscle?

Requires nervous system stimulation

Answer 2

Skeletal

Question 3

Does the following characteristic apply to skeletal, smooth and or cardiac muscle?

Involuntary contractions (does not require nervous stimulation)

Answer 3

Smooth, cardiac

Question 4

Does the following characteristic apply to skeletal, smooth and or cardiac muscle?

Striated

Answer 4

Skeletal, cardiac

Question 5

Does the following characteristic apply to skeletal, smooth and or cardiac muscle?

Non-striated

Answer 5

Smooth

Question 6

Does the following characteristic apply to skeletal, smooth and or cardiac muscle?

Found attached to bones or cartilage

Answer 6

Skeletal

Question 7

Does the following characteristic apply to skeletal, smooth and or cardiac muscle?

Found in the walls of the heart

Answer 7

Cardiac

Question 8

Does the following characteristic apply to skeletal, smooth and or cardiac muscle?

Found lining that digestive urinary and reproductive tract

Answer 8

Smooth

Question 9

Does the following characteristic apply to skeletal, smooth and or cardiac muscle?

Found lining blood vessels

Answer 9

Smooth

Question 10

Does the following characteristic apply to skeletal, smooth and or cardiac muscle?

Cells are long and cylindrical

Answer 10

Skeletal

Question 11

Does the following characteristic apply to skeletal, smooth and or cardiac muscle?

Are spindles shaped with central nuclei

Answer 11

Smooth

Question 12

Does the following characteristic apply to skeletal, smooth and or cardiac muscle?

Cells are multi nucleate

Answer 12

Skeletal

Question 13

Does the following characteristic apply to skeletal, smooth and or cardiac muscle?

Contains sarcomeres

Answer 13

Skeletal and cardiac

Question 14

Label the following features of muscles

Answer 14

Question 15

Indicate if the following statement is true or false

Skeletal muscle cells contain multiple nuclei

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Is the following statement true or false?

The plasma membrane of a muscle cell is called the sarcolemma

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Is the following statement true or false?

Most muscles connect to bones directly that is via tendons or aponeuroses

Answer 17

False
Most connect indirectly via tendons

Question 18

Is the following statement true or false?

Another name for a muscle cell is a muscle fiber

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Is the following statement true or false?

The basic structural unit of muscle cells are sarcoplasms which are comprised of myofibrils

Answer 19

False
The basic structural unit is a sarcomere

Question 20

Is the following statement true or false?

Sarcoplasmic reticulum is a modified smooth endoplasmic reticulum that specializes in storing calcium

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Name the following structures found in a muscle fiber

Answer 21

Question 22

Name the following structures found in a myofibril

Answer 22

Question 23

Label the following structures found in a sarcomere

Answer 23

Question 24

Name the following structures of the neuromuscular junction

Answer 24

Question 25

Fill in the blank A sarcomere is the distance between two ____?

Answer 25

Z-discs

Question 26

Fill in the blank The _____ contains only actin filaments

Answer 26

I band

Question 27

Fill in the blank The thicker filaments are the _____ filaments

Answer 27

Myosin

Question 28

Fill in the blank Both actin and myosin are found in the_____

Answer 28

A band

Question 29

_____ is a calcium binding protein found in skeletal muscle cells

Answer 29

Troponin

Question 30

The myosin filaments are located in the_____

Answer 30

A-band

Question 31

The protein that blocks actin from binding to myosin is_____

Answer 31

Troponin

Question 32

What is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles? A) Tropomyosin is the chemical that activates the myosin heads B) Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on the actin molecules C) Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the actin binding sites on the myosin molecules D) Tropomyosin is the receptor for the motor neuron neurotransmitter

Answer 32

B) Tropomyosin serves as a contraction, and by blocking the myosin binding sites on the actin molecules

Question 33

What structure and skeletal muscle cells functions in calcium storage? A) Sarcoplasmic reticulum B) Mitochondria C) intermediate filament network D) myofibrillar network

Answer 33

A) sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 34

Which of the following statements about the generation and propagation of action potentials initiated in the neuromuscular junction is not true? A) the binding of neuro transmitters to receptors at the neuromuscular junction opens chemically (ligand) gated ions channels B) the opening of ligand gated channels at the neuromuscular junction allows the simultaneous diffusion of Na+ inward and K+ outward, causing interior of cell to become more negative (a local depolarization) —> cell interior becomes less negative C) local depolarization spreads to adjacent membrane areas and causes additional voltage gated Na+ channels open D) Increasing Na+ influx further decreases membrane voltage towards critical voltage called threshold E) once an AP is initiated, it is unstoppable and leads to a muscle fibercontraction

Answer 34

B) The opening of ligand gated channels at the neuromuscular junction allows the simultaneous diffusion of Na+ inward and K+ outward causing the interior of the cell to become more negative (a local depolarization)—> cells interior becomes less negative

Question 35

Excitation contraction coupling requires, which of the following substances? A) Ca+ and ATP B) Ca+ only C) ATP only D) ATP and glucose

Answer 35

B) Ca+ only

Question 36

The major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contractions is to______? A) make, and store phosphocreatine B) synthesize actin and myosin myofilaments C) provide a source of myosin for the contraction process D) regulate intercellular calcium concentration

Answer 36

D) regulate, intercellular calcium concentration

Question 37

What is the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction? A) form hydroxyapatite crystals B) reestablish glycogen stores C) bind to regulatory sites on troponin to remove contraction inhibition D) increase levels of myoglobin

Answer 37

C) bind to regulatory sites on troponin to remove contraction inhibition

Question 38

After nervous stimulation stops, what prevents ACh in the synaptic cleft from continuing to stimulate contraction? A) calcium ions, returning to the terminal cisternae B) the tropomyosin blocking the myosin once full contraction is achieved C) acetylcholinesterase destroying the ACh D) the action potential stops going down the overloaded T tubules

Answer 38

C) acetylcholinesterase destroying the ACh

Question 39

Put the following fuels in order of use during intense, short, duration exercise _______Phosphorylation of creatine phosphorylation ______ATP immediately available in muscle cells ______Anaerobic respiration

Answer 39

_____2_____ Phosphorylation of creatinine phosphorylation _____1_____ ATP immediately available in muscle cells _____3_____ Anaerobic respiration

Question 40

Creatine phosphate functions in the muscle cells by__________ A) forming a temporary chemical compound with myosin B) forming a chemical compound with actin C) inducing a confirmational change in the myofilaments D) storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to synthesize ATP

Answer 40

D) string energy that will be transferred to ADP to synthesize ATP

Question 41

During prolonged duration exercise muscles use A) ATP stored in muscle cells B) aerobic respiration C) creatine phosphorylation D) anaerobic respiration

Answer 41

B) aerobic respiration

Question 42

Is the following statement about smooth muscle true or false? Smooth muscle has no connective tissue sheets or membranes

Answer 42

False Smooth muscle has a scanty endomysium

Question 43

Is the following statement about smooth muscle true or false? The sarcoplasmic reticulum of smooth muscle is highly developed

Answer 43

False Is actually poorly developed

Question 44

Is the following statement about smooth muscle true or false? Smooth muscle does not exhibit sarcomeres, myofibrils or T tubules

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Is the following statement truth or false about smooth muscle? Smooth muscle tissue usually has two-layers — longitudinal and circular

Answer 45

True

Question 46

Is the following statement about smooth muscle true or false? Instead of T tubules smooth muscles have caveolae of sarcolemma

Answer 46

True

Question 47

Briefly describe the special features of smooth muscle and their indications for organ lined with smooth muscle Stress relaxation response:

Answer 47

Smooth muscle responds to stretch only briefly, then adapt to new length(but retains ability to contract on demand). This enables organ such as stomach and bladder to temporary store contents without expelling them with contractions.

Question 48

Briefly describe the special features of smooth muscle and their indications for organs lined with smooth muscle Length and tension changes

Answer 48

Smooth muscle can contract when between half and twice its resting length (not limited by sarcomeres). This allows, hollow organs to tolerate tremendous change in volume with out becoming flabby one empty.

Question 49

Briefly describe the specials, features of smooth muscle and their indications for organs lined with smooth muscle Hyperplasia

Answer 49

All muscle cells can under hypertrophy (increase in cell size), but muscle cells can also divide and increase numbers. This allows organ such as the uterus to grow during pregnancy.