Ch. 10: Reading Firefighters

Question 1

If we are truly dedicated to preventing injuries and deaths, we need to address the number one cause of injuries - _____________.

Answer 1

overexertion

Question 2

What are the related factors that influence overexertion?

Answer 2

Ergonomics, physiology, and rehab efforts.

Question 3

What is the science of adapting work or working conditions to a worker?

Answer 3

ergonomics

Question 4

What is the key to preventing overexertion?

Answer 4

Being aware of the muscular and skeletal stresses and strains that firefighters undergo.

Question 5

The ISO should evaluate the environment, the relationship of the worker to the environment, and the task being attempted.

Answer 5

Often, a slight change in any of these areas can reduce injury potential.

Question 6

What are the three strategies that an ISO can utilize to abate or mitigate ergonomic hazards?

Answer 6

Awareness, accommodation, and acclimation.

Question 7

Which ergonomic abatement strategy is perhaps the most used and certainly the most simple?

Answer 7

Awareness

Question 8

Which is the ergonomic abatement strategy that acknowledges that the workers are less apt to suffer an injury if they are aware of the problem, thereby heightening their cautiousness?

Answer 8

Awareness

Question 9

What ergonomic abatement strategy is used when injury potential is reduced by altering the environment or the task?

Answer 9

Accommodation

Question 10

What ergonomic strategy is the use of personal protective equipment an example of?

Answer 10

accommodation

Question 11

What ergonomic strategy is the use of a warning of a slippery surface or a reminder to lift with leg leverage and a tight core an example of?

Answer 11

awareness

Question 12

What is the most difficult ergonomic abatement strategy to implement during an incident?

Answer 12

acclimation

Question 13

How is acclimation in terms of ergonomic abatement accomplished?

Answer 13

Most acclimation is done proactively

Question 14

What does physiological performance depend on of the firefighter?

Answer 14

It depends on the metabolic processing (cell chemistry)

Question 15

What are the factors that affect cell chemistry include?

Answer 15

thermal stress, hydration, and fuel replacement

Question 16

What incident efforts can address the factors that affect cell chemistry?

Answer 16

Rehabilitation; “rehab”

Question 17

In what forms can thermal stress be presented?

Answer 17

Heat or cold.

Question 18

What are the factors that may cause core temperatures to rise?

Answer 18

Activity, humidity, air temperature, the effectiveness of cooling mechanisms, and sun, shade, and wind.

Question 19

What can cause heat stress reducing the body’s ability to evaporate heat by sweating?

Answer 19

Full structural protective clothing

Question 20

The use of shade, air movement, and rest to bring down human core temperatures.

Answer 20

passive cooling

Question 21

Using external methods or devices (such as hand and forearm immersion, misting fans, or ice vests) to reduce an elevated core temperature?

Answer 21

active cooling

Question 22

What reaction may be possible when the body reacts to the immediate temperature change that sends a mixed signal to the hypothalamus?

Answer 22

decreased cognitive reasoning

Question 23

How can the prevention of thermal stress injuries be accomplished through?

Answer 23

Accommodation, rotation, and hydration.

Question 24

What is vital to the peak operation of virtually every body system?

Answer 24

water

Question 25

A person's physiological response to the 24-hour clock, which includes sleep, energy peaks, and necessary body functions.

Answer 25

circadian rhythms

Question 26

What are the four essential elements that need to be balanced for a cell to work as well as it can?

Answer 26

oxygen, water, glucose, and insulin

Question 27

What is the key to providing quick energy that optimizes cell performance?

Answer 27

To feed firefighters a balance of low glycemic carbohydrates, protein, and fat. (40/30/30)

Question 28

What are the components of effective rehab that should be included?

Answer 28

The four Rs: rest, rehydration, Rx, and refueling.

Question 29

How often should the firefighter be fed when mental and | physical demands remain?

Answer 29

Two to three hours

Question 30

Which is considered the most difficult abatement strategy | to implement during an incident?

Answer 30

Acclimation

Question 31

Whose responsibility is it to see that a rehab operation is established at each emergency scene?

Answer 31

ISO

Question 32

What is ergonomics is being looked at when the surface conditions are being examined?

Answer 32

The physical environment

Question 33

Which is considered a low glycemic index carbohydrate?

Answer 33

Most vegetables

Question 34

What is the leading cause of injuries at an incident?

Answer 34

Overexertion

Question 35

What do most activities at an incident scene require that | are affected by the ergonomics?

Answer 35

Physical labor

Question 36

Which factor that influences overexertion is defined as | the science of adapting working conditions to a worker?

Answer 36

Ergonomics

Question 37

What is the foundation for building cellular balance?

Answer 37

Food

Question 38

What kind of stress can come in the form of heat and cold?

Answer 38

Thermal

Question 39

After the first hour, what drink can be added to the | firefighter's rehab?

Answer 39

Sports drinks

Question 40

Which is NOT an item the ISO needs to evaluate when determining how the firefighters should adjust their method of performing a specific task?

Answer 40

The relationship of the worker to the task being attempted

Question 41

Which may be an early warning sign of heat stress?

Answer 41

Heat rash

Question 42

Who should make a judgment on whether a firefighter should return to incident duties based on their best judgment and vital signs of the firefighter?

Answer 42

Paramedic

Question 43

Which is considered a high glycemic index carbohydrate?

Answer 43

Orange juice

Question 44

Which is NOT considered a good protein source for rehab operations?

Answer 44

Hamburger meat

Question 45

Which helps cells rejuvenate and with the building of new | cells?

Answer 45

Protein

Question 46

Which is often forgotten in cold stress environments?

Answer 46

Hydration

Question 47

Which is perhaps the most commonly used abatement | strategy?

Answer 47

Awareness

Question 48

What is missing from the firefighter's work environment | that other physically demanding jobs have?

Answer 48

Warm up

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT associated with the relationship of the worker when the ISO is looking at the ergonomics of an incident?

Answer 49

Energy required to perform the task

Question 50

What should the ratio of carbohydrates/protein/fat (respectively) be that is fed to the firefighter to achieve optimal cell performance?

Answer 50

40/30/30

Question 51

What is a person's physiological response to the 24-hour | clock?

Answer 51

Circadian rhythms

Question 52

What is the range of acceptable core temperature (degrees Fahrenheit) for the firefighter at an incident scene?

Answer 52

97 to 100

Question 53

Which is NOT something that influence overexertion?

Answer 53

Training

Question 54

What is the answer to the question, "What was I thinking? | generally?

Answer 54

You weren't.

Question 55

How long after operations begin should only water be given | to the firefighter?

Answer 55

1 hour

Question 56

Which type of abatement strategy is using personal | protective equipment?

Answer 56

Accommodation

Question 57

Which technique has been found to be the most effective | when performing active cooling?

Answer 57

Forearm immersion

Question 58

Which parts of the body are generally affected by heat | cramps?

Answer 58

Arms and legs

Question 59

Which is a serious local injury that means a body part is | frozen?

Answer 59

Frostbite

Question 60

Which heat stress injury is marked by hot, flushed and dry skin?

Answer 60

Heat stroke

Question 61

How much water should firefighters attempt to drink per | hour during work?

Answer 61

One quart

Question 62

What is one conclusion that has been reached by texts, | trade magazines and medical journals?

Answer 62

Firefighting requires humans who are physically fit

Question 63

What must the ISO be aware of to be able to prevent | overexertion?

Answer 63

Muscular stresses and strains

Question 64

Which is NOT an element that must be in balance for | optimal cell function?

Answer 64

Sucrose