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Medical Terminology Ch1-Ch11, Words & Abbv. > Ch. 10 - Terms and Abbv. > Flashcards

Ch. 10 - Terms and Abbv. Flashcards

1
Q

acetycholine

A

neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells

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2
Q

afferent nerve

A

carries messages TOWARD the brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

arachnoid membrane

A

Middle layer of the three membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

astrocyte

A

type of glial cell transports water and salts from capillaries in the nervous system

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5
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands and internal organs

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6
Q

axon

A

microscopic fiber that is part of a neuron and carries nervous impulse along a nerve cell.

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7
Q

blood-brain barrier

A

protective separation between the blood and brain cells. This makes it difficult for substances (such as anti-cancer drugs) to penetrate capillary walls and enter the brain

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8
Q

brainstem

A

posterior portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord; includes midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata

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9
Q

cauda equina

A

collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord

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10
Q

cell body

A

part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus

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11
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

brain and spinal cord

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12
Q

cerebellum

A

posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance

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13
Q

cerebral cortex

A

outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain

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14
Q

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord

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15
Q

cerebrum

A

largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscle activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought and memory

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16
Q

cranial nerves

A

nerves carry messages to and from the brain to all parts of the head and neck and also to other parts of the body. 12 pairs of cranial nerves

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17
Q

dendrite

A

microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell (neuron) that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse.

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18
Q

dura mater

A

thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding the protecting the brain and spinal cord

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19
Q

efferent nerve

A

carries messages AWAY from the brain and spinal cord

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20
Q

ependymal cell

A

glial cell that lines membranes within the brain and spinal cord and helps form cerebrospinal fluid

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21
Q

ganglion, ganglia

A

collection of nerve cells bodies in the peripheral nervous system

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22
Q

glial cell (neuroglial cell)

A

supportive and connective nerve cell that does not carry nervous impulses.

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23
Q

gyrus, gyri

A

sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded edge on the surface of the cerebral cortex; convolution

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24
Q

hypothalamus

A

portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body temperature, and secretions from the pituitary gland

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25
medulla oblongata
part of the brain just above the spinal cord; controls breathing, heartbeat, and the size of blood vessels; nerve fibers cross over here
26
meninges
three protective membranes that surround the brain and the spinal cord.
27
microglial cell
phagocytic glial cell that removes waste products from the central nervous system
28
midbrain
uppermost portion of the brain
29
motor nerve
carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs; efferent nerve
30
myelin sheath
covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds the insulates the axon of a nerve cell. Myelin speeds impulse conduction along axons.
31
nerve
macroscopic cord-like collection of fibers (axons) that carry electrical impulses
32
neuron
nerve cell that is necessary for impulses to be carried throughout the nervous system; parenchyma of the nervous system
33
neurotransmitter
chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell. it stimulates inhibits another cell, which can be a nerve cell, muscle cell, or gland cell.
34
oligodendroglial cell
glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons. Also called oligodendrocyte
35
parasympathetic nerves
involuntary autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions such as heart rate, breathing and muscles of the gastrointestinal tract.
36
parenchyma
essential, distinguishing tissue of any organ or system.
37
peripheral nervous system
nerves outside the brain and spinal cord: cranial, spinal and autonomic nerves
38
pia mater
thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges
39
plexus, plexuses
large, interlacing network of nerves
40
pons
part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and the rest of the midbrain. It is a bridge connecting various parts of the brain.
41
receptor
organ that receives and transmits a stimulus to sensory nerves. Ex. skin, ears, eyes, taste buds
42
sciatic nerve
nerve extending from the base of the spine down the thich, lower leg and foot
43
sensory nerve
carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord from a receptor; afferent nerve
44
spinal nerve
pairs of nerves, arising one on each side of the spinal column. They transmit messages to and from the spinal cord
45
stimulus, stimuli
agent of change in the internal or external environment that evokes a response. (light, sound, touch, pressure or pain)
46
stroma
connective and supporting tissue of an organ.
47
sulcus, sulci
depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex; fissure
48
sympathetic nerves
autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntary in times of stess
49
synapse
space through which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells or between nerve and muscle or glandular cells
50
thalamus
main relay center of the brain. conducts impulses between the spinal cord and the cerebrum; incoming sensory messages are relayed through the thalamus to appropriate centers in the cerebrum
51
vagus nerve
tenth cranial nerve. Branches reach to the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, aorta, esophagus, and stomach
52
ventricles of the brain
canals in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid.
53
absence seizure
seizure consisting of momentary clouding of consciousness and loss of awareness of surroundings
54
aneurysm
enlarged, weakened area in an arterial wall, which may rupture, leading to hemorrhage and CVA (stroke)
55
astrocytoma
malignant brain tumor of astrocytes
56
aura
peculiar symptom or sensation occurring before the onset of an attack of migraine or a epileptic seizure
57
dementia
mental decline and deterioration
58
demyelination
destruction of myelin on axons or neurons
59
dopamine
CNS neurotransmitter, deficient in patient with Parkinson disease.
60
embolus
clot of material that travels through the bloodstream and suddenly blocks a vessel
61
gait
pertaining to a sudden, acute onset, as with the convulsions of an epileptic seizure
62
occulasion
blockage
63
palliative
relieving symptoms but not curing them
64
thymectomy
removal of the thymus gland
65
TIA
Transient Ischemic Attack. Can occur with all 3 types of strokes; thrombolytic, embolic and hemorrhagic
66
tic
involuntary movement of a small group of muscles. (Characteristics of Tourette syndrome)
67
tonic-clonic seizure
major convulsive seizure marked by sudden loss of consciousness, stiffening of muscles, and twitching and jerking movements.
68
AD
Alzheimer Disease
69
AFP
Alpha-Fetoprotein; elevated levels in amniotic fluid and maternal blood are associated with congenital malformations of the nervous system, such as anencephaly and spina bifida
70
ALS
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
71
AVM
Arteriovenous Malformation; congenital tangle of arteries and veins in the cerebrum
72
BBB
Blood-Brain Barrier
73
CNS
Central Nervous System
74
CSF
Cerebrospinal Fluid
75
CTE
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
76
CVA
Cerebrovascular Accident
77
EEG
Electroencephalography
78
GABA
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (neurotransmitter)
79
ICP
Intracranial Pressure (normal is 5-15 mm Hg)
80
LP
Lumbar Puncture
81
MAC
Monitored Anesthetic Care
82
MG
Myasthenia Gravis
83
MRA
Magnetic Resonance Angiography
84
MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
85
MS
Multliple Sclerosis
86
1/2 P
hemiparesis
87
PCA
Patient-Controlled Analgesia
88
PET
Positron Emission Tomography
89
PNS
Peripheral Nervous System
90
PSRS
Proton Stereotactic Radiosurgery
91
Sz
Seizure
92
TBI
Traumatic Brain Injury
93
TENS
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation; technique using battery power to relieve acute and chronic pain
94
TIA
Transient Ischemic Attack; temporary interfence with the blood supply to the brain
95
TLE
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
96
tPA
Tissue Plasminogen Activator; a clot-dissolving drug used as therapy for stroke

Medical Terminology Ch1-Ch11, Words & Abbv. (8 decks)

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