Ch. 11-14

Question 1

Personality Disorders

Answer 1

Long lasting patterns of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that cause distress or significant impairment in social or occupational functioning.

Question 2

Personality Trait

Answer 2

Enduring patterns of perceiving, responding to, and thinking about one’s environment and oneself

Question 3

Trait Disorders

Answer 3

A trait or set of related traits is so extreme and inflexible that the person has trouble in social and occupational functioning
-Obsessive-compulsive, avoidant, dependent, histrionic, and narcissistic

Question 4

Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder

Answer 4

No obsessions or compulsion
Pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency

Question 5

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Answer 5

Pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation

Question 6

Dependent Personality Disorder

Answer 6

Pervasive excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation

Question 7

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Answer 7

Pervasive patter of attention-seeking behavior and excessive displays of attention seeking behavior

Question 8

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Answer 8

Pervasive patter of attention-seeking behavior and excessive displays of attention seeking behavior and excessive displays of emotion

Question 9

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Answer 9

Pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy

Question 10

Marginal Disorders

Answer 10

More serious and involves symptoms that are similar to those found in psychotic disorder and schizophrenia
-Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, and borderline

Question 11

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Answer 11

More serious and involves symptoms

Question 12

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Answer 12

Pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that the motives are interpreted as malevolent

Question 13

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Answer 13

Pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression in interpersonal settings

Question 14

Schizotypal Personality DIsorders

Answer 14

Pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort, reduced capacity for close relationships, cognitive, and perceptual distortions, and behavioral eccentrities

Question 15

Borderline Personality Disorder

Answer 15

Pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image and affect, together with impulsive behavior.
Deep fear of abandonment, severe and rapidly fluctuating symptoms, self-mutilation

Question 16

Other-Specified Personality Disorder

Answer 16

When a person clearly fits the general characteristics of personality disorder, but does not meet the criteria for one of the specific personality disorders

Question 17

Anti-Social Personality Disorder

Answer 17

Irresponsible and impulsive behavior
Lack of anxiety or guilt
Ability to impress and exploit

Question 18

Anti-Social Personality Disorder

Answer 18

Irresponsible and impulsive behavior
Lack of anxiety or guilt
Ability to impress and exploit others
Rejection of authority and inability to profit from experience
Inability to have lasting relationships with other people

Question 19

Explanations for Antisocial Personality Disorder

Answer 19

Bad parenting
Unresponsive to aversive stimuli, punishment, or stimuli that normally produce fear due to being neurologically under-aroused

Question 20

Intellectual Disability

Answer 20

Deficits in intellectual function
Deficits in adaptive functioning
Onset of symptoms before age 18

Question 21

Biological Causes of Intellectual Disability

Answer 21

Genetic-chromosomal defects
Infections and toxic agents (fetal alcoholism syndrome)
Prematurity and trauma
Malnutrition

Question 22

Symptoms of Autism

Answer 22

Deficit in social relatedness
Impairments in communication
Restricted, repetitive, or stereotyped behaviors

Question 23

Treatment for Autism

Answer 23

Early in life
Learning principles to teach adaptive behaviors
Intensive

Question 24

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Answer 24

Inattentiveness- trouble concentrating and focus attention
Hyperactivity- restless, energy not directed productively
Impulsive behavior-act before thinking

Question 25

Treatments for ADHD

Answer 25

Stimulant medications-Ritalin | Positive Reinforcement for appropriate behavior

Question 26

Neurocognitive Disorders

Answer 26

Disorders of thinking

Question 27

Delirium

Answer 27

Disturbance in conscious awareness of one's surroundings Decrease ability to focus attention -Disorientation, disorganized behavior and speech, perceptual disturbances, restlessness and disturbed shifting emotions

Question 28

Major Neurocognitive Disorder

Answer 28

No impairment in conscious awareness and alertness | Involves a decline from a previous level of cognitive functioning

Question 29

Impaired Cognitive Abilities in Major Neurocognitive Disroder

Answer 29

``` Language disturbance Impaired ability to carry out common behaviors Inability to recognize people Problems with memory Impairment in abstract thinking ```

Question 30

Stress vs Stressors

Answer 30

Stress: effects if demands placed on us to adjust or adapt Stressors: are the demands that are placed on us or that we place on ourselves -Excessive stress can lead to distress

Question 31

Stress vs Stressors

Answer 31

Stress: effects if demands placed on us to adjust or adapt Stressors: are the demands that are placed on us or that we place on ourselves -Excessive stress can lead to distress

Question 32

Common Sources of Stress

Answer 32

Daily hassles Frustration Conflicts Major life events including traumatic stressors

Question 33

Appraisal Process

Answer 33

How much harm will this stressor cause? | What can I do to cope with this stressor?

Question 34

Psychological Responses to Stress

Answer 34

Anxiety Cognitive impairment-trouble concentrating or difficulty thinking of alternative possible ways of coping with the stressor

Question 35

Physiological Responses to Stress

Answer 35

Activation of the autonomic nervous system (fight or flight response) Impairment of the immune system Change in health-related behaviors

Question 36

Effective Ways to Manage Stress

Answer 36

Active Coping Strategies 1. Dealing directly with the stressor 2. Re-evaluating the personal meaning of the stressful situation 3. Expressing feelings and seeking support Engaging in a healthy lifestyle Social Support

Question 37

Insomnia

Answer 37

Recurrent difficulty getting to sleep, staying asleep, or getting sleep that is restful Causes: medical conditions, distressing emotions or use of drugs

Question 38

Reduction in the Population of Patients in Large Psychiatric Hospitals

Answer 38

Introduction of anti psychotic medications Changes in laws that made it difficult to hospitalize patients involuntarily Deinstitutionalization-from hospitals to community

Question 39

Reasons for Deinstitutionalization

Answer 39

Concern about the negative effects of hospitalization Awareness of the potential advantages of providing treatment in the community Concern about the expense of psychiatric hospitalization

Question 40

Reasons for Deinstitutionalization

Answer 40

Concern about the negative effects of hospitalization Awareness of the potential advantages of providing treatment in the community Concern about the expense of psychiatric hospitalization

Question 41

Civil Commitment or Involuntary Commitment

Answer 41

Placing individuals with mental disorders in treatment against their will Primary standard is that the person is dangerous to self or others

Question 42

Legal Issues: Insanity

Answer 42

1. If the person did not know what he was doing or if the person did not know what he was doing was wrong 2. Texas Rules: "As a result of severe mental disease or defect, did not know that his conduct was wrong"

Question 43

Competence to Stand Trial

Answer 43

1. Sufficient present ability to consult w/ the person lawyer w/ a reasonable degree of rational understanding 2. A rational as well as factual understanding of the proceedings against the person

Question 44

Duty to Warn

Answer 44

TEXAS does not have a duty to warn law | "We decline to impose a common law duty on mental-health professionals to warn third parties of their patients threats"