Ch. 6-10 Flashcards
(45 cards)
Mania Symptoms
Mood: Euphoria and Irritabilty
Cognitive: Inflated self-esteem, unrealistic beliefs about what one can accomplish, distractability
Motor: excessive activity- rapid speech, hypersexuality, overspending
Somatic: decreased need to sleep
Bipolar Disorder
Episodic depressed mood and episodic mania are preset
Hypomania- mood elevation that is clearly abnormal, but not as extremely elevated as manie –> bipolart II
Normal Depression
Result of a recent stressor, personal and private, brief and temporary. Involves feelings of sadness, lack of usual energy and enthusiasm, and a reduced interest in other people and in activitie
Severe Depression
More severe and lasts longer
Adjustment disorder w/ Depressed Mood
Person becomes depressed in response to identifiable stressor within three months of onset. Leads to impairment.
Persistent Depressive
Moderate or severe symptoms of depression last for years. Usually begin in childhood or early adult life.
Major Depression (and differences between PD and MD)
More intense or severe symptoms of the same symptoms as persistent depressive.
PD: Poor concentration and difficulty making decisions.
MD: Diminished ability to think or concentrate, indecisiveness every day
PD: Low self-esteem
MD: Feelings of worthlessness, or excessive guilt everyday
Cognitive Symptoms of Depression
Loss of interest or pleasure
Low self-esteem
Impaired thinking
Motor Symptoms of Depression
Psychomotor retardation- slow motor behavior, lack of energy
Psychomotor agitation-extreme restlessness
Physical Symptoms of Depression
Disturbed sleep
Disturbed eating patterns
Loss of interest in sex
Increase in physical illness
Explanations/Treatments for Depression
Psychodynamic- ANGER TURNED INWARD, help patient identify stressor and learn to deal w them
Learning- Caused by low levels of rewards a/o high level of punishment. Help increase rewards 1) identify punishment 2) systematic desensitization 3) increase rewards; positive reinforcement
Cognitive-negative beliefs, replace negative beliefs and test the beliefs
Physiological Explanation/Treatment for Depression
Low levels of serotonin and norepinephrine.
Medications may slow down the reuptake of serotonin
ECT- Electroconvulsive Therapy works faster than medication
Treatment for Bipolar Disorder
Lithium-controls glutamate
ECT
Anticonvulsant Medications
Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy
Psychological Autopsy
focuses on learning about the personality makeup, life situation, and state of mind of the dead person
Suicide Factors
Previous attempts, mental disorders, family history, hopelessness, access to effective method
Relationship breakups, loss, conflicts, financial difficulties, perceived burdensomeness
Anorexia Nervosa Criteria
BMI <17
Intense fear of gaining weight
Engage in behaviors that prevent them from gaining weight
AND one of these three: distortion of body weight/shape, placing undue importance on body shape as measure of self-worth, or denying seriousness of low body weight
Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa
Person and therapist must work well together-trust
Treatment is highly unpredictable due to the fact that Anorexia has the highest death rate of any mental illness
Weight gain must be done gradually and patiently
Psychological help in better self-image
Bulimia Nervosa Criteria
Recurrent episodes of binge eating, personal feels lack of self-control over eating,
Inappropriate compensatory behavior- vomiting, laxatives, excessive exercise, fasting
Once a week for 3 mo
Places undue importance on weight or body shape as a measure of worth
Explanations for Bulimia
Cultural Influences- body dissatisfaction: our culture emphasizes an unrealistic, ideal body shape and size
Self-Objectification- value the body from a third person perspective, how body looks to others
Ideal of extreme thinness
Biological- low levels of serotonin. Lack of control of impulses. Hypothalamus
Comparable with depression and OCD
Binge Eating Disorder Criteria
Regular eating binges but no compensatory behavior
Sense of lack of control
Once a week for 3 mo
Causes of Binge Eating
Repeated cycles of food deprivation, such as strict diets
Gender Dysphoria
Inconsistency between one’s biological sex and one’s gender identity. Leads to distress and dysfunction.
Gender identity is the personal understanding that each of us start to have around the age of three, that we are male or female
Sexual Dysfunctions
Disorders in which there is a problem @ some point during the sexual response cycle
Insufficient sexual desire, arousal, difficulties w orgasm, genital pain associated with sexual intercourse
Paraphilias
Persistent recurrent sexual urges and sexually arousing fantasies involving unusual objects or activities
Patterns of unconventional sexual arousal
