Ch 11 Flashcards
Studying the Deceased; Bioarchaeology
studying human remains as a way to understand the past and how we behaved. forensic archeologists have also come in handy as modern day detectives. they are involved in mass grave sites in Iraq, missing in action investigations in vietnam.
Sex & Age
bikes can tell cause of death, nutrition, diseases, chronic medical conditions, parasites, and diet. scalping can leave lesions on the skull. age can be determined by teeth. sex is shown by the pelvis. twisted or eroded bones show arthritis.
Violence
paleopathology studies medical conditions and injuries on people in the last. it helps decipher causes of death, and if wounds were made by weapons or not. 50000 years ago in the netherlands in the stone age proof of injuries due to spears showed up.
Malnutrition, Stress, & Work-Related Injuries
fisheries in europe display spine deformations that resulted by heavy lifting. in syria it showed large necks resulted by carrying loads by their heads due to farming.
Strontium & Peoples lives
strontium enters the food chain through eroded rocks. a cemetery in thailand contained remains from 2100 BC to 200 AD. the burials provided strontium, carbon, and oxygen from second and third molars. the female stars were constant. this could be because the women stayed in one place while the men traveled more for hunting and such.
Ice Man of the Alps, 2400 BC
erika found a man’s remains in the italian alps. She found a skull, back, shoulders of a man laying face down in the water. he lived around 3350 BC. he had the genetic makeup of most europeans.
Endengered Past
activities take up peoples lives. such as hunting gardening preparing meals building and more. gender impacts these things. Elizabeth studied weaving women from the aztecs. she connected weaving to child bearing and cooking.
Wider Society; Prestate & State Societies
prestate socities are small socities based on the community, band or village. they vary in political integration and normally were divided into 3 groups. tribes are like bands with more social and cultural organization. some are more complex hunters where some are farmers.
Interaction; Trade & Exchange
few humans socities have been self sufficient. hunter gatherers exchanged toolmaking stone and seashells over long distances. once food production was involved it became more complex. trade consisted of good and being exchanged with other things. it provides a people to people relationship.
Types of Trade
reciprocity is mutual exchange of good between two individuals or groups. redistribution is trade of goods from a central place through cultural reasons. markets are organized trading areas that encourage people to set aside one place for fading to have a stable and fixed price for goods.
Long-Distance Trade & Uluburun Ship
during the bronz age in turkey a shipwreck took place. it sank 46 meters down. they found that the ship was laden with 6 tons of copper and tin artifacts. although olives glass beads and others weren’t from turkey but palestine or syria.
Interactions; Religious Beliefs
belief in an afterlife reflects a view of human existence that connect to the world of the living with a supernatural sense. burials are a good connections to religious beliefs since they vary.
