Ch. 11 Flashcards
(20 cards)
motivation refers to …
the overall desire to excel
the key to leadership success is …
motivating others to do their best
(evolution of human relations management concepts) list the three scientific concepts
Taylor, Gantt, and Gilbreths
(evolution of human relations management concepts) list the six behavioural concepts
Mayo, Maslow, Herzberg, McGregor, Ouchi and Vroom
describe “scientific management”
(views and concerns)
viewed people as machines that needed to be properly programmed, little concern for the psychological or human aspects of work
Frederick Taylor: increased productivity by … three elements of his approach were …
studying the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching workers these methods. time, methods and rules of work
how are Taylor’s ideas still being implemented?
some companies still place more emphasis on conformity to work rules than on creativity, flexibility and responsiveness
Elton Mayo (and his colleagues from Harvard) came to the … plant to test …
Hawthorne (in Illinois), the degree of lighting associated with optimum productivity
the hawthorn effect refers to …
the tendency for people to behave differently when they know they’re being studied
describe Maslow’s view of motivation (arises from, motivated to … when does it stop?)
motivation arises from need. one is motivated to satisfy unmet needs. when one need is satisfied, another higher-level need emerges to be satisfied
Maslow: Hierarchy of Needs
what can interrupt motivation?
a satisfied need is no longer a motivator, lower-level needs can pop up at any time and take attention away from higher-level needs
list the five needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs from bottom to top
physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization
describe physiological, safety and social needs (the need to…)
physiological- basic survival needs (drink, eat, be sheltered)
safety- feel secure at work and home
social- feel loved, accepted and part of the group
describe esteem and self actualization needs (the need …)
esteem- for recognition and acknowledgement from others, as well as self-respect and a sense of status
self-actualization- the need to develop your fullest potential
psychologist Frederick Herzberg asked workers to … the question was …
various job-related factors in order of importance relative to motivation. “what creates enthusiasm for workers and makes them work to full potential”
list the top five most important motivating factors (Herzberg)
work itself, sense of achievement, earned recognition, responsibility and growth and advancement
Herzberg noticed that the factors receiving the most votes were … (give an example of three)
clustered around job content (achievement, recognition and responsibility)
describe McGregor’s Theories X and Y (how do people motivate other people?)
the way in which managers go about motivating people at work depends greatly on their attitudes toward workers
describe Douglas McGregor’s theory X (manager’s attitude) (4)
dislike work, avoid responsibility, little ambition, forced/controlled/directed/threatened, motivated by fear and money
describe Douglas McGregor’s theory Y (manager’s attitude)
like work and naturally work towards goals, seek responsibility, imaginative/creative/clever and motivated by empowerment
