Ch 11

Question 1

Firefighters working at a manufacturing occupancy fire are how much more likely to be fatally injured than at a residential occupancy

Answer 1

8.6 times more likely to be fatally injured

Question 3

Major factors related to occupancy type, or the function or use of a building are

Answer 3

Time factors
Occupant load in total number of occupants
Awareness – sleeping or mentally impaired
Age of the occupants
Mobility of the occupants
Occupant familiarity of the building
Leadership within the occupancy

Question 4

Occupancy factors depend on the occupancy use and load factors.

Codes usually list occupant load as a number of?

Answer 4

Number of square feet per person.

I.e., some codes list 7 ft.² per person.

This means that a 700 square-foot area would allow for 100 people.

Question 5

The ability to evacuate an occupancy without assistance is rated on an awareness scale of 1 to 10, with 1 being? And 10 being?

Answer 5

10 is positive, 5 is neutral, 1 is negative.

An awareness rating of 10 means that all occupants are fully awake and mentally unaired and can evacuate on their own.

An awareness rating of 1 means that occupants are totally unaware and unable to evacuate

Question 6

An assembly occupancy is defined as

Answer 6

Use for the gathering of 50 or more persons for deliberation, worship, eating, drinking, etc.
Or
Used as a special amusement building, regardless of occupant load

Question 7

Fires in places of assembly or less common, accounting for how many structure fires

Answer 7

About 3% of all structure fires

Question 8

A significant concern for fires and places of worship is

Answer 8

The large open spaces that can result in large volume fire.

Additionally, most fires in places of worship take place when no one is there, which delays alarm response time

Question 9

Large church fires usually dictate a defensive operation and often result in full or partial building collapse. These fires count for approximately how many structure fires

Answer 9

About 0.4% of all structure fires

Question 10

A few concerns with fires in eating and drinking establishments are

Answer 10

Overcrowding
Alcohol use
Fairly high fire probability due to cooking or combustible decorations
Panic and exit blocking
Lack of proper fire protection features

Question 11

Regarding sports Arenas, two potential incidents include

Answer 11

Difficulty in evacuating large numbers of people, and potential targets for terrorist

Question 12

These three factors can result in sprinklers being ineffective and fully sprinkler buildings

Answer 12

Blocked sprinkler heads
Closed valves
Excessive fuel loading beyond design capacity

Question 13

Pre-incident planning of convention centers is important because

Answer 13

The sheer size, and ability to find the fire
Entrances may not be the best location to access the interior
The fuel load may be beyond design capacity as a result of demonstrations and displays

Question 14

Modern theaters have changed in design resulting in an easier extinguishment tactic. this is due to:

Answer 14

Smaller theaters and more compartmentation. There may also be alternative exits available.

Question 15

NFPA 101 defines an educational occupancy as a place used for educational purposes under what circumstances?

Answer 15

Through the 12th grade
By 6 or more persons
4 or more hours per day
12 or more hours per week

Post secondary such as Colleges are not technically considered educational occupancies. 

Question 16

The occupant load factor for elementary and high school classrooms is

Answer 16

20 ft.² per person

Question 17

In the NFPA 2017 report, structure fires in educational properties, the following facts state that

Answer 17

4000 school building fires are reported each year
Fatalities are rare, estimated 75 injuries
School fires increase toward the beginning and the end of the academic year
The majority were cooking related, followed by intentional action

Question 18

In regards to educational occupancy fires, the most tragic incidents occur in:

Answer 18

Elementary schools with younger age students.

Question 19

What major effect has NFPA 3000, active shooter (ASHER) made on fire department response

Answer 19

Installation of electronic locking systems and how new security implementations can obstruct or slow fire department access or evacuation plans

Question 20

In reference to schools, sprinkler systems and evacuations are limited by

Answer 20

Few schools are protected by sprinkler systems.
Evacuation should be made through interior stairs and hallways when possible.

Question 21

In college campuses, they are usually several large classroom facilities that hold 200 or more students. Any college classroom with more than 50 students is considered:

Answer 21

More than 50 students in a college classroom is considered an assembly occupancy

Question 22

NFPA 101 defines a healthcare occupancy as medical or other treatment or care for 4 or more patients on an inpatient basis. Such patients are mostly incapable of self preservation.

4 types of healthcare facilities include

Answer 22

Hospitals
Nursing homes
Limited care facilities
Ambulatory health care facilities

Question 23

Ambulatory and non-ambulatory patients are distinguished by:

Answer 23

Non-ambulatory patients are unable to self evacuate. They need assistance or safe refuge.

Ambulatory patients are able to move, but may move slowly and require an appliance to assist

Question 24

Although ambulatory healthcare facilities treat patients on an outpatient basis, the patients may be:

Answer 24

The patient may be anesthetized or restrained

Question 25

As opposed to nursing homes, limited care facilities have nursing staff that provides

Answer 25

Provide leadership and assistance during an emergency, but patients are more independent.

Question 26

Healthcare facilities are usually unable to evacuate patients to the outside, but instead use

Answer 26

Places of safe risk refuge within the building

Question 27

Percentage of structure, fires and healthcare facilities by occupancy type

Answer 27

Nursing homes 48% Mental health facility 22% Hospital or hospice 20% Clinics 11%

Question 28

During evacuations of hospitals, the primary research must be conducted due to

Answer 28

Inability to account for visitors or doctors. Staff and patients should be accounted for.

Question 29

NFPA research states a reduction in civilian fire deaths and healthcare occupancies when sprinkler systems are present. Specific values are:

Answer 29

71% reduction with any type of sprinkler system 88% reduction with a wet pipe sprinkler system

Question 30

In healthcare facilities, specifically nursing homes, a primary tactic is to move patients out of harms way. But this other tactic is essential:

Answer 30

Extinguishment is essential to defend the place of safe refuge 

Question 31

In reference to ambulatory care, facilities, a restrained patient usually means that

Answer 31

The patient needs to be released from equipment like an MRI tunnel

Question 32

NFPA 101 defines a residential board and Care occupancy as

Answer 32

Used for lodging and boarding of 4 or more residents, not related by blood or marriage to the owners are operators, for the purpose of giving personal care services

Question 33

Residents of a residential board and Care occupancy are given a rating of 3 due to

Answer 33

Their diminished mental, and/or physical capacity and resultant difficulty in evacuating the building These locations should be preplanned 

Question 34

NFPA 101 defines a detention and correctional occupancy as

Answer 34

Used to house 1 or more persons under varied degree of restraint or security, where such occupants are mostly incapable of self preservation because of security measures not under their control.

Question 35

Detention facilities must be preplanned in advance of the incident. The goal is to conduct a safe and effective operation while….

Answer 35

Avoiding direct contact with the prison population.

Question 36

NFPA 101 defines a residential occupancy as providing sleeping accommodations for purposes, other than healthcare or detention/correctional. These include :

Answer 36

1-2 family dwellings Apartment buildings Dormitories Hotels/motels Lodging or rooming houses < 16 accommodations

Question 37

In regards to residential occupancies, the highest occupancy factor goes to

Answer 37

Family dwellings and apartment buildings

Question 38

In terms of risk, losses in residential buildings consist of

Answer 38

Most structure fires Most fatal fires Most property loss Average of 354,400 annually

Question 39

In residential occupancies, there’s a direct correlation between life safety, and the time of the day. The most dangerous time is.

Answer 39

The hours when residence are sleeping. 

Question 40

The phenomenon that building guests, seek refuge in a room other than their own, resulting in many people being in a single room instead of the expected number of guests per room

Answer 40

Known as convergence cluster phenomenon. This reinforces the importance of conducting a systematic search 

Question 41

According to USFA and NFPA studies, from 2014 to 2018 fire department responded to how many residential fires?

Answer 41

Estimated 382,399 fired in residential buildings This resulted in an average of 2746 deaths and 11,477 injuries annually 97% of all fire deaths and 90% of all fire injuries occurred in residential buildings