Ch. 11-2: The Process of Cell Division

Question 1

True or False: Cell division stops by adulthood

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Before dividing, what must cells do so that both daughter cells have the exact same genetic information?

Answer 2

The DNA replicates

Question 3

Genetic information is bundled into…

Answer 3

chromosomes

Question 4

How many chromosomes do most prokaryotic cells have? What shape is it?

Answer 4

One; it is circular

Question 5

Number of chromosomes in a human cell

Answer 5

46

Question 6

define chromatin

Answer 6

eukaryotic DNA in the nucleus that is tightly coiled around histone proteins

Question 7

DNA + histone proteins = what?
And what does that thing form?

Answer 7

Nucleosomes, which form thick fibers.

Question 8

What actually is the X-shaped chromosome?

Answer 8

A duplicated chromosome made of supercoiled chromatin

Question 9

Name the process by which cells grow & divide

Answer 9

the cell cycle

Question 10

When do prokaryotic cells begin to replicate their DNA?

Answer 10

When the cell has become big enough

Question 11

What kind of cell division do prokaryotes go through, and is it sexual or asexual?

Answer 11

binary fission, which is asexual.

Question 12

After a chromosome in a prokaryotic cell has been replicated…

Answer 12

the 2 DNA molecules attach to different parts of the cell membrane

Question 13

Between the two new DNA molecules, what forms and from where do they stretch?

Answer 13

a fiber network that stretches from one side of the cell to the other

Question 14

What does the fiber network do?

Answer 14

constrict and thus pinch the cell inward, creating 2 daughter cells.

Question 15

Name the stages of cell cycle (letters and numbers only)

Answer 15

G₁
S
G₂
M

Question 16

What phase of the cell cycle is not in the interphase?

Answer 16

M

Question 17

What happens in G₁ phase?

Answer 17

Cells grow and synthesize new proteins & organelles

Question 18

What happens in S phase?

Answer 18

DNA replication

Question 19

What happens in G₂ phase?

Answer 19

The cell prepares for division by making the needed organelles and molecules

Question 20

Name the 2 stages of the M phase AND what divides in each stage

Answer 20

Mitosis - Nucleus
Cytokinesis - Cytoplasm

Question 21

Where centrioles are found

Answer 21

The centrosome

Question 22

Name the 4 stages of Mitosis in order of occurrence

Answer 22

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 23

In __________, the nucleus’ genetic material condenses and _____ ______ are now visible

Answer 23

prophase; duplicated chromosomes

Question 24

Early in animal-cell prophase, the centrioles move to…

Answer 24

opposite ends/poles of the cell

Question 25

½ of a duplicated chromosome

Answer 25

a chromatid

Question 26

define Centromere

Answer 26

A point that connects 2 chromatids

Question 27

microtubules that help separate the duplicated chromosomes

Answer 27

Spindle fibers

Question 28

In what phase is the spindle built in?

Answer 28

Prophase

Question 29

What are the 2 things that happen in metaphase?

Answer 29

- centromeres line up across center of cell - spindles connect each centromere w/ centrosomes @ poles of cell

Question 30

When does anaphase begin?

Answer 30

When the sister chromatids break and move apart

Question 31

In anaphase, the sister chromatids (now individual chromosomes) move to...

Answer 31

the poles of the cell

Question 32

Rapid _______ is needed for anaphase to take place

Answer 32

disassembly

Question 33

In _______, the chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin.

Answer 33

telophase

Question 34

What re-forms around each of the two groups of chromosomes? (Hint: it was destroyed in early prophase)

Answer 34

a nuclear envelope

Question 35

What becomes visible in telophase around each of nuclei?

Answer 35

a nucleolus around each of the nuclei

Question 36

What happens at the same time as telophase?

Answer 36

Cytokinesis

Question 37

In animal cells, the cell membrane forms a _______ ______ to pinch inward until the cell splits in two

Answer 37

cleavage furrow

Question 38

Why can't the cell membranes of plant cells pinch inward?

Answer 38

The cell wall prevents any pinching in

Question 39

What structure forms to facilitate plant cytokinesis, and what does that structure develop into?

Answer 39

A cell plate, which develops into cell membranes that divide the cell in two

Question 40

What happens at the end of plant cytokinesis?

Answer 40

A cell wall forms between the two new cell membranes

Question 41

At the end of mitosis, how many sister chromatids of a duplicated chromosome will be in each daughter cell?

Answer 41

One sister chromatid each