Ch. 8-2

Question 1

2 main parts of (eukaryotic) cell

Answer 1

nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 2

What is the name for parts of cells?

Answer 2

organelles

Question 3

DNA is found in the ____ in eukaryotic cells and in the ____ in prokaryotic cells

Answer 3

nucleus; cytoplasm

Question 4

Chromosomes attached to proteins and spread around the nucleus

Answer 4

Chromatin

Question 5

Nuclei are surrounded by a
nuclear _______ composed of two ________

Answer 5

envelope; membranes

Question 6

What three parts of the cell are involved in making and distributing proteins?

Answer 6

Ribosomes, Rough ER, and Golgi Apparatus

Question 7

Where are lipids and carbohydrates synthesized?

Answer 7

Rough ER (lipids), Smooth ER (carbs)

Question 8

Where are water, salt, proteins and carbs stored?

Answer 8

Vacuoles

Question 9

What do vesicles do?

Answer 9

store & move materials between organelles (+ to & from cell surface)

Question 10

alternative name for lysosome

Answer 10

cleanup crew, suicide bag, suicide sac

Question 11

Lysosomes break down ________,_______, and _______ molecules so they can be used by other parts of the cell. They break down _______

Answer 11

lipid; carb; protein;

organelles that aren’t useful anymore

Question 12

What gives eukaryotic cells their shape & internal organization?

Answer 12

The cytoskeleton

Question 13

Some parts of the cytoskeleton move materials _______ and some move ______.

Answer 13

between organelles; the cell itself

Question 14

Two main filaments of cytoskeleton

Answer 14

Microfilaments & microtubles

Question 15

What are microfilaments made of?

Answer 15

actin

Question 16

What are microtubules made of?

Answer 16

tublins

Question 17

Do microfilaments or microtubules make the framework which supports the cell?

Answer 17

Microfilaments

Question 18

Do microfilaments or microtubules make the structure which helps separate chromosomes?

Answer 18

Microtubules

Question 19

Do microfilaments or microtubules make cilia and flagella?

Answer 19

Microtubules

Question 20

What is the role of chloroplasts in photosynthesis?

Answer 20

To capture the energy of sunlight and convert said energy into food

Question 21

What does a mitochondrion do?

Answer 21

Powerhouse of the cell! (jk) For real, it converts the energy in food molecules into compounds the cell can actually use.

Question 22

How many membranes surround chloroplasts and mitochondria EACH?

Answer 22

Two

Question 23

How is mitochondria inherited?
Hint: alliteration

Answer 23

From the mother’s ovum (i.e., egg cell)
“Mitochondria” for “mom”

Question 24

True or False: chloroplasts & mitchondria have their own DNA

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What is the endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 25

Idea that mitochondria & chloroplasts exist today because a relationship between them was established 1 billion yrs ago

Question 26

What does the endosymbiotic theory mean for humans?

Answer 26

It means that DNA changes in human mitochondria affect cell & body health

Question 27

Where are cell walls?

Answer 27

Right outside the cell membrane

Question 28

Purpose of cell walls

Answer 28

support, shape & protect the cell

Question 29

What organisms do NOT have cell walls?

Answer 29

Animals

Question 30

Cell walls help plants resist the force of...

Answer 30

gravity

Question 31

Name one thing made of cell walls

Answer 31

- wood - paper

Question 32

What organisms do NOT have cell membranes?

Answer 32

none; ALL cells have a membrane

Question 33

What do cell membranes do?

Answer 33

regulate what enters & leaves the cell, protects & supports the cell

Question 34

What part of the lipids in cell membranes is hydrophobic? What part is hydrophilic?

Answer 34

The fatty acid head is hydrophilic (water-loving). The tails are hydrophobic (water-hating).

Question 35

What part of the lipid is on the outer portion of the bilayer, and what part is in the inner part?

Answer 35

head - outer part tails - inner part

Question 36

Define: when a cell membrane allows some substances to pass through it but not others

Answer 36

selective permeability

Question 37

What's embedded in the lipid bilayer? What is attached to that embedded thing?

Answer 37

Proteins are embedded, and carbs are attached to the proteins.

Question 38

Why is the cell membrane referred to as a "fluid mosaic"?

Answer 38

a)the proteins in the lipid bilayer can move around the membrane, and b) many different kinds of molecules make up the membrane

Question 39

Proteins in the cell membrane can form...

Answer 39

channels & pumps that help move materials around

Question 40

What can carbs in the cell membrane do to help other cells?

Answer 40

help cells to identify each other

Question 41

Proteins in the cell membrane attaching to the cytoskeleton allows cells to...

Answer 41

respond to the environment by using their membranes to change shape

Question 42

Name one thing eukaryotic cells have that prokaryotic cells lack

Answer 42

nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi, lysosomes, cytoskeleton (but pros do have filaments), centrioles, chloroplasts, mitochondria

Question 43

What do animal cells have that plant cells lack?

Answer 43

Centrioles, lysosomes (latter rarely appears in plants)

Question 44

What do plant cells have that animal cells lack?

Answer 44

a cell wall