CH. 11: Digestive Terms

Question 1

mouth

opening, food [pass in]; break [food] down by m(c) & mix w/ what?

Answer 1

opening through which food passes into the body; breaks food into small particles by mastication (chewing) and mixing with saliva.

Question 2

tongue

[mostly] sm; P region [mouth attach.]; movement for m[c], food to phar. for what?, major organ for [2]

Answer 2

consists mostly of skeletal muscle; attached in the posterior region of the mouth; provides movement of food for mastication, directs food to the pharynx for swallowing, and is a major organ for taste and speech.

Question 3

palate

Answer 3

separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

Question 4

soft palate

Answer 4

posterior portion, not supported by bone

Question 5

hard palate

Answer 5

anterior portion, supported by bone

Question 6

uvula

Answer 6

soft V-shaped structure that extends from the soft palate; directs food into the throat.

Question 7

pharynx

Answer 7

performs the swallowing action that passes food from the mouth into the esophagus (also called throat)

Question 8

esophagus

Answer 8

10-in (25-cm) tube that is a passageway for food extending from the pharynx to the stomach. Peristalsis, involuntary wavelike movements that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract, begins in the esophagus.

Question 9

stomach

Answer 9

J-shaped sac that mixes and stores food; secretes chemicals for digestion and hormones that act locally to control digestive system function.

Question 10

cardia

Answer 10

area around the opening of the esophagus

Question 11

fundus

Answer 11

proximal domed portion of the stomach

Question 12

body

Answer 12

central portion of the stomach, distal to the fundus

Question 13

antrum

Answer 13

distal portion of the stomach

Question 14

pylorus

Answer 14

portion of the stomach that connects to the small intestine

Question 15

pyloric sphrincter

Answer 15

ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum

Question 16

small intestine

Answer 16

20-foot (6-m) tube extending from the pyloric sphincter to the large intestine. Digestion is completed in the small intestine. Absorption, the passage of the nutrients (end products of digestion) from the small intestine to the bloodstream, takes place through the villi, tiny fingerlike projections that line the walls of the small intestine.

Question 17

duodenum

Answer 17

first 10 to 12 in (25cm) of the small intestine

Question 18

jejunum

Answer 18

second portion of the small intestine, approx. 8 ft (2.4m) long

Question 19

ileum

Answer 19

third portion of the small intestine, approx. 11 ft (3.3m) long, which connects with the large intestine

Question 20

large intestine

Answer 20

approx. 5 ft (1.5m) long tube that extends from the ileum to the anus. Absorption of water and transit of the solid waste products of digestion take place in the large intestine.

Question 21

cecum

Answer 21

U-shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine

Question 22

colon

Answer 22

main portion of the large intestine; divided into four parts: ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon.

Question 23

rectum

Answer 23

distal portion of the large intestine; approx. 8 to 10 in (20cm) long, extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus

Question 24

anus

Answer 24

sphincter muscle (ringlike band of muscle fiber that keeps an opening tight) at the end of the gastrointestinal tract; provides for elimination of solid waste products of digestion.

Question 25

salivary glands (accessory organ)

Answer 25

produce saliva, which flows into the mouth

Question 26

liver (accessory organ)

Answer 26

produces bile, which is necessary for the digestion of fats; performs many other functions concerned with digestion and metabolism

Question 27

biliary tract

Answer 27

organs and ducts (passageways) that transport, store, and release bile (also called biliary system)

Question 28

bile ducts

Answer 28

passageways that carry bile; the hepatic duct collects bile formed in the liver; cystic duct transports bile to and from the gallbladder for storage.

Question 29

common bile duct

Answer 29

small, tubelike structure where the hepatic duct and cystic duct join; conveys bile to the duodenum to aid in the breakdown of fats.

Question 30

gallbladder

Answer 30

small, saclike structure that stores bile produced by the liver

Question 31

pancreas

Answer 31

produces pancreatic juice, which helps digest all types of food; secretes insulin for carbohydrate metabolism

Question 32

peritoneum

Answer 32

serous saclike lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Question 33

appendix

Answer 33

small pouch, which has no known function in digestion; attached to the cecum (also called vermiform appendix)

Question 34

abdomen

Answer 34

portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis