Ch 11 - Genetics Flashcards
(27 cards)
Genetics
the scientific study of heredity
True breeding
When a plant or animal is able to self replicate an identical offspring of themselves
Trait
a specific characteristic that varies from one thing to another
Hybrid
the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
Genes
chemical factors that determine traits
Alleles
the different forms of a gene
Gametes
sex cells
probability
the likelihood a particular event will happen
Punnett square
used to predict genetic crosses
homozygous
Having same alleles
heterozygous
Having different alleles
phenotype
physical characteristics
genotype
genetic makeup
independent assortment
when alleles for one trait segregate independently from alleles of another trait
incomplete dominance
when one allele isn’t completely dominant over the other
codominance
when both alleles contribute to the phenotype
multiple alleles
when genes have more than two alleles
polygenic traits
traits controlled by two or more genes
homologous
each of the 4 chromosomes that come from the male parent has a corresponding chromosome from the female parent
diploid
a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes
haploid
when gametes contain only a single set of chromosomes and also only a single set of genes
meiosis
process of reduction division where number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half
Gregor Mendel
scientist who studied genes
crossing-over
exchange of alleles between homologous chromosomes, making new combination of alleles
