^Ch. 11 Infection Control

Question 1

Infection occurs when the presence of a pathogen leads to a chain of events

Answer 1

yes

Question 2

what are they types of pathogens

Answer 2

bacteria
viruses
fungi
prions
parasites

Question 3

example of bacteria

Answer 3

staph. ecoli, TB

Question 4

what is Viruses

Answer 4

organisms that use the host genetic machinery to reproduce

Question 5

example of virus

Answer 5

HIV, Hepatitis, Herpes zoster, Herpes simplex virus

Question 6

Example of fungi

Answer 6

molds and yeast (candida albicans)

Question 7

Example of prions

Answer 7

Protein particles

Question 8

Example of parasites

Answer 8

protozoa (malaria, toxoplasmosis)

helminths (worms, flatworms, roundworms, Flukes, shistosoma)

Question 9

Virulence

Answer 9

the ability of a pathogen to invade and injure a host

Question 10

herpes zoster

Answer 10

is a common viral infection that erupts years after exposure to chickenpox and invades a specific nerve tract

Question 11

native immunity

Answer 11

restricts entry/immediately responds to a foreign organism (antigen) through the activation of phagocytic cells, complement and inflammation.

Question 12

Passive

Answer 12

antibodies are produced by an external source

Question 13

what is our bodies first line of defense?

Answer 13

Skin

Question 14

antibodies that are produced by an external source

Answer 14

• temporary immunity that does not have memory of past exposure
• muscous membrane, secreation, enzymes, phagocytic cells, protective proteins
• inflammatory response with phagocytic cells, complement system, interferons to localize invasion and prevent spread

Question 15

Specific adaptive immunity

Answer 15

allows body to make antibodies in response to a foreign organism. this reaction directs against an indentifiable micro organism

Question 16

Active

Answer 16

antibodies are produced in response to an antigen

Question 17

active antibodies

Answer 17

• requires time to react to antigen
• provides permanent immunity
• involves B and T lymphocytes
• produces specific antibodies against specific antigens

Question 18

Infection Process (chain of infection)

Answer 18

• Causative agent (ex: bacteria)
• Reservoir (human, food, object)
• Portal of exit from the host
  - -Respiratory tract
  - -GI, skin, blood, transplacental

Question 19

example of respiratory tract infection

Answer 19

Droplet airborne

-TB, pneumonia

Question 20

Gastrointestinal tract

Answer 20

shigella, salmonella hep A

Question 21

Genitourinary tract

Answer 21

Ecoli Hep A, HSV, HIV

Question 22

Skin/mucous membrane

Answer 22

HSV, Varicella

Question 23

Blood/body fluid

Answer 23

HIV, Hep B C

Question 24

Mode of transmission

Answer 24

Contact
droplet
airborne
vector borne (animal insect…)

Question 25

Susceptible host

Answer 25

compromised defense mechanisms, leaving the host more susceptible to infections

Question 26

Stages of infection

Answer 26

- incubation - prodromal stage - illness stage - convalescence

Question 27

Incubation

Answer 27

interval between pathogen entering body and presentation of the first finding

Question 28

Prodromal stage

Answer 28

pathogens multiplies

Question 29

Illness stage

Answer 29

findings specific to the infection occur

Question 30

Convalescence

Answer 30

acute finding disappear, total recovery taking days to months

Question 31

Inflammation response stage one

Answer 31

local infection - redness (dialation of arterioles bringing blood to the area) - warmth of the area on palpation - edema - pain, tenderness - loss of use to affected part

Question 32

Second stage of inflammation

Answer 32

micro-organisms are killed. fluid contain dead tissues cells and WBCs accumulate and exudate appears at the site of infection. exudate leaves the body by draining into the lymph system

Question 33

types of exudate

Answer 33

serous (clear) sanguineous (contains red blood cells) purulent (contain leukocytes and bacteria)

Question 34

Third stage of inflammation

Answer 34

damaged tissue is replaced by scar tissue . the new cells take on characteristics that are similar in structure and function to the old cells

Question 35

Airborne precaution

Answer 35

-droplet smaller that 5mcg | Measles, varicella, p

Question 36

Airborne precaution

Answer 36

-droplet smaller that 5mcg | Measles, varicella, pulmonary, TB

Question 37

Airborne precaution saftey

Answer 37

private room - N95 - negative airflow - full standard precaution

Question 38

droplet precaution

Answer 38

-droplet larger than 5 mg travel 3-6 ft ex: pneumonia flu , scarlet fever

Question 39

contact precautions

Answer 39

3 ft | ex: shigella, herpes scabies, MDRO

Question 40

Antipyretics medication

Answer 40

are used for a fever and discomfort as prescribed | -acetaminophen , asprin

Question 41

Antimicrobial therapy

Answer 41

kills or inhibits the growth of micro-organisms (bacteria, fungi, virus, protozoans)