Ch. 11 Muscular System

Question 1

What are fascicles?

Answer 1

Bundles of muscle fibers.

Question 2

What are the 4 patterns of fascicle organization?

Answer 2

Parallel
Convergent
Pennate
Circular

Question 3

What are the characteristics of convergent muscles?

Answer 3

Broad area (like a fan)
Muscle fibers pull in different direction
(ie pectoral muscles)

Question 4

What are the characteristics of pennate muscles?

Answer 4

Form an angle
Contain more myofibrils vs. parallel muscles
Develop more tension vs. parallel muscles

Question 5

What are the 3 categories of pennate muscles?

Answer 5

Unipennate - fibers on 1 side of tendon
Bipennate - fibers on both sides of tendon
Multipennate - tendon branches within muscle

Question 6

What are the characteristics of circular muscles?

Answer 6

Also called sphincters

Opens/closes to guard entrances of the body

Question 7

What a first class lever?

Answer 7

Center fulcrum between AF and resistance
AF and resistance are balanced
[Seesaw like head]

Question 8

What is a second class lever?

Answer 8

Center resistance between AF and fulcrum

[Wheelbarrow like foot]

Question 9

What is a third class lever?

Answer 9

Center AF between resistance and fulcrum

[most common lever like arm]

Question 10

What is muscle origin and insertion?

Answer 10

1 fixed point of attachment (origin)

1 moving point of attachment (insertion)

Question 11

What is an agonist muscle?

Answer 11

Prime mover, produces a particular movement

Question 12

What is an antagonist muscle?

Answer 12

Opposes movement of a particular agonist

Question 13

What is a synergist muscle?

Answer 13

Smaller muscle that assists a larger agonist

Helps start motion or stabilize origin of agonist

Question 14

What is muscle opposition?

Answer 14

Agonists and antagonists work in pairs - when 1 contracts the other stretches

Question 15

What are the 4 relative positions of muscles?

Answer 15

1. Externus (superficialis): visible at body surface
2. Internus (proundus): deep muscles
3. Extrinsic: muscles outside an organ
4. Intrinsic: muscles inside an organ

Question 16

What are the 3 structural characteristics of muscles?

Answer 16

1. Number of tendons (bi =2, tri = 3)
2. Shape (trapezius, deltoid, rhomboid)
3. Size

Question 17

What are the 9 names for muscle size?

Answer 17

1. Longus = long
2. Longissimus = longest
3. Teres = long and round
4. Brevis = shor
5. Magnus = large
6. Major = larger
7. Maximus = largest
8. Minor = small
9. Minimus = smallest

Question 18

What are axial muscles?

Answer 18

Position head and spinal column
Move rib cage
60% of skeletal muscles

Question 19

What are appendicular muscles?

Answer 19

Support pectoral and pelvic girldes
Support limbs
40% of skeletal muscles