Ch 11 Principles Flashcards
What is the USP?
United States Pharmacopeia
pharmacodynamics is…
The Mechanism of Action, intended effects, and results of medication administration.
untoward effect
A negative side-effect.
enteral
Through the GI tract
parenteral
Routes other than GI, including:
- percutaneous: IM, IV, IO, SubQ (SC)
- transmucosal: buccal, sublingual, intranasal
Medication Routes from Fastest to Slowest
IV/IO Transmucosal IM SubQ Rectal TD [?] Oral
Major forms drugs come in
solid
liquid
semisolid / gel
gas
DEA Schedule I drugs
1) Highly addictive, with
2) High potential for abuse, and
2) NO ACCEPTED MEDICAL USE
e.g. heroin, LSD, mescaline, cannabis
DEA Schedule II drugs
1) Highly addictive, with
2) High potential for abuse, BUT
2) WITH ACCEPTED MEDICAL USE
e.g. morphine, cocaine, codeine
DEA Schedule III-V drugs
Progressively become less addictive, less potential for abuse. All have medical use.
FDA Pregnancy Category A
No identified risks.
FDA Pregnancy Category B
Animal studies show risks.
Human studies inadequate.
FDA Pregnancy Category C
Animal studies show adverse reactions.
Human studies inadequate.
FDA Pregnancy Category D
Studies show risks to fetus.
In some situations, benefits > risks.
FDA Pregnancy Category X
Studies show risks to fetus.
In all situations, risks > benefits.
teratogenic
causing harm to the fetus
Medication volume formula
Vol on Hand
VOL = ———————– * Desired Dose
Dose on Hand
Medical Profile includes…
name classification mechanism of action indications pharmacokinetics side effects route contraindication dose how supplied
pharmacokinetics
How a drug is absorbed, distributed, and eliminated from the body.
indications
Conditions that indicate the drug should be administered.
contraindications
Conditions that indicate the drug may be harmful to administer.
Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 required…
proper labelling
Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914….
Addressed opium and cocaine
Regulations on import, mfg, sale, use
Penalties for violations
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938…
- Formed the FDA
- Mandated dispensation with prescription, if harmful or addictive.
- Required labeling of addictive drugs
- Required labeling of side effects
- Revised in 1952 and 1962
