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Microbiology > Ch. 11 SG > Flashcards

Ch. 11 SG Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteria reproduce by _______ _________

A

binary fission

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2
Q

_____________ have peptidoglycan cell walls

A

bacteria

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3
Q

list characteristics of bacteria

A
  • one circular chromosome
  • not in a membrane
  • no histones (chromosomal proteins)
  • peptidoglycan cell walls
  • reproduce by binary fission
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4
Q

what domain has no kingdom assigned?

A

bacteria

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5
Q

proteobacteria are gram _______ bacteria

A

negative

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6
Q

firmicutes and actinobacteria are gram ______ bacteria

A

positive

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7
Q

chlamydiae and sprirochetes are _________ phyla

A

assorted

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8
Q

proteobacteria is the phylum

and what are the 5 classes of proteobacteria?

A 
alpha proteobacteria
beta proteobacteria
gamma proteobacteria
delta proteobacteria
epsilon proteobacteria
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9
Q

rickettsia, ehrlichia, bartonella, brucella are ___________ Proteobacteria

A

alpha Proteobacteria

~~~obligate intracellular parasites!

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10
Q

what bacteria causes spotted fever or rash by damaging the permeability of blood capillaries?

  • require an arthropod (tick, insect) for transmission?
  • induce phagocytosis to enter the host cells?
  • reproduce within a mammalian cell?
A

rickettsia

  • r. prowazekii- lousborn
  • r. typhi- rat- fleaborn
  • r. rickettsia (tickborne)

is an alpha Proteobacteria

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11
Q

tick borne disease
rickettsia- like bacteria
cause ehrlichiosis
live obligately within WBC’s

A

ehrlichia

is an alpha Proteobacteria

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12
Q

cat-scratch disease in humans
bacteria is attached to the interior of the RBC’s
cause persistent bacteremia in cats
cause swelling of the lymph nodes, malaise, fever
antibiotics not a must, except for severe cases

A

bartonella

is an alpha Proteobacteria

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13
Q

reservoir: elk, bison, usually livestock is vaccinated
multiply in the uterus- cause the embryo to die
mammals excrete the bacteria in milk
transmitted to humans via unpasteurized milk and milk products
world’s most common zoonosis
can survive phagocytosis and multiply in phagocytic cells
cause brucellosis or undulant fever in mammals

symptoms: 
rising and falling fever
malaise
night sweats
muscle aches
*prolong antibiotic treatment; at least 6 weeks
A

Brucella

is an alpha Proteobacteria

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14
Q

Bordetella, Neisseria, N. memingitidis, N. gonorrhea are _______ Proteobacteria

A

beta

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15
Q

cause of whooping cough/pertussis
childhood disease
virulent strain form capsules
grow on the cilia of the trachea; eventually destroy the ciliated cells, affects the ciliary action causing mucus accumulation in the lungs

symptoms:
violent coughing with whooping cough

antibiotic treatment is not effective after the onset of coughing

A

Bordetella

b. pertussis

is a beta proteobacteria

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16
Q

Gram - diplococcus with fimbriae (for attachment and pathogenicity)
simple gram stain used for dx

A

Neisseria

is a beta proteobacteria

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17
Q

cause meningococcal meningitis
up to 40% of population are carriers
bacteria present in nose and throat asymptomatically
act as a reservoir of infection

droplet transmission
produce an endotoxin capable of causing death w/in a few hours after the onset of fever

antibiotics help reduce the mortality rate to about 9-12%

A

N. meningitides

is a beta proteobacteria

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18
Q

causes gonorrhea; STD

cause inflammation; movement of leukocytes leads to characteristic “pus” formation in men

very few women are aware they’re infected; exposure in the birth canal can cause blindness in newborn infants

antibiotics are place in eyes of all new born infants

A

N. gonorrhoeae

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19
Q

Psuedomonales, legionellales, coxiella, vibrio, enterobacteriales, Escherichia, salmonella, shigella, klebsiella, serratia, proteus, Yersinia, enterobacter, haemophilus influenza are examples of __________ Proteobacteria

A

gamma

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20
Q

The pseudomonales (order) has __________ and _________

A

pseudomonas and pseudomonas aeruginosa

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21
Q

opportunistic pathogen; cause 10% of nosocomial infections
resistant to most antibiotics
metabolically diverse; can use proteins and lipids
can grow at refrigerator temps, hence responsible for food spoilage

A

Pseudomonas

gamma proteobacteria

22
Q

have polar flagella
produces a blue/green pigment
infect urinary tract, burns, and wounds
resistant to many antibiotics

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

gamma proteobacteria

23
Q

colonize in water supply lines and air conditioning systems; make biofilms; resistant to chlorine
airborne transmission via spas, humidifiers, showers, water fountains, even potting soil

symptoms: 
high fever 
cough
pneumonia
can be fatal

cause legionellosis

A

Legionella (of the legionellales order)

gamma proteobacteria

24
Q

Cause Q fever
flu- like pneumonia; high fever, headaches, muscle aches, and coughing
spread to humans by ingesting unpasteurized milk an inhaling aerosols in dairy barns

A

coxiella

gamma proteobacteria

25
Q

slightly curved rods
found in coastal water
transfer to human by raw or undercooked shellfish

A

vibrio

gamma proteobacteria

vibrio cholera causes cholera
v. parahaemolyticus cause gastroenteritis

26
Q

commonly known as enterics since they inhabit the intestinal tract
gram - rods with peritrichous flagella
facultatively anaerobic- aerobic but can grow in the absence of oxygen
fimbriae for attachment
produce protein called bacteriocins that cause lysis of closely related species of bacteria

A

Enterobacteriales (order)

27
Q 
most common inhabitant in human intestinal tract
familiar laboratory bacterium
indicator for fecal pollution in water
can cause urinary tract infections
can cause traveler's diarrhea
A

Escherichia

gamma proteobacteria

28
Q

all members are pathogenic

cause gastrointestinal disease called salmonellosis

A

salmonella

salmonella typhi- typhoid fever

gamma proteobacteria

29
Q

infect only humans
cause bacillary dysentery or shigellosis
can cause travelers diarrhea

A

shigella

gamma proteobacteria

30
Q

commonly found in soil and water

causes pneumonia in humans

A

Klebsiella

gamma proteobacteria

klebsiella pneumoniae

31
Q

produce distinct red pigments
urinary and resp tract infections in hospital patients
serratia marcescenes

A

serratia

gamma proteobacteria

32
Q

growth w/the appearance of concentric rings

many urinary tract and wound infections

A

proteus

gamma proteobacteria

33
Q

transmitted by fleas

cause plague

A

Yersinia

gamma proteobacteria

34
Q

cause urinary tract infections

E. cloaceae and e. aerogenes cause many hospital- acquired infections

A

Enterobacter

gamma proteobacteria

35
Q

meningitis in young children and frequent ear aches
eliglotitis (can be life threatening)
septic arthritis in children
bronchitis and pneumonia

require x (heme) and V (NAD, NADP) factors in the culture media for growth (add hemoglobin to culture media)

A

Haemophilus influenza

gamma proteobacteria

36
Q

Campylobacter, helicobacter, clostridium, bacillus, staphylococcus, lactobacillales order, streptococcus, enterococcus, mycoplasma, mycobacterium, corynebacterium are examples of ______ proteobacteria

A

epsilon proteobacteria

37
Q

one polarflagellum
gastroenteritis
campulobacter: outbreak offoodborne diseases

A

Campylobacter

epsilon proteobacteria

38
Q

peritrichous (multiple) flagella
peptic ulcers (gastric ulcers)
stomach ulcers

A

helicobacter

epsilon proteobacteria

39
Q

endospore producing, obligate anaerobes

causes botulism and tetanus

A

clostridium
botulinum and tetani

epsilon proteobacteria

40
Q

endospore- producing rods

replicate only in vegetative cells

A

bacillus

bacillus anthracis- antrax
bacillus cereus- food poisoning

epsilon proteobacteria

41
Q

gram + cocci
grape like clusters
grow in high salt concentrations

A

staphylococcus

epsilon proteobacteria

42
Q

generally aerotolerant anaerobes, unable to use oxygen, but grow in the presence of oxygen

A

order lactobacillales

streptococcus and enterococcus

43
Q

gram + cocci
appear in chains

cause a great variety of diseases: 
strep throat
pharyngitis
scarlet fever
impetigo
rheumatic fever
most common cause of human pneumonia
dental cavities
A

Steptococcus

epsilon proteobacteria

order lactobacillales

44
Q

found in intestinal tract, vagina, oral cavity
resistant to antibiotics and cause nosocomial infections
enter the blood stream thru catheters and surgical wounds
e. facalis and e. faecium

A

enterococcus

order lactobacillales

45
Q 
lack a cell wall (wall less)
pleomorphic (many shapes)
very small
have the smallest genome
m. pneumonia, causes mild pneumonia
A

mycoplasma

46
Q

aerobic, rods
stain, acid-fast
m. tuberculosis
m. leprae

A

mycobacterium

actinobacteria

47
Q

pleomorphic

c. diptheriae

A

corynebacterium

actinobacteria

48
Q

assorted phyla
sexually transmitted disease; transmitted by direct contact
cause a silent infection; no symptoms
cause severe damage to women’s reproductive organs
can lead to infertility
c. trachomatic
c. pneumonia

A

chlamydia

assorted phyla!!!!

49
Q

motile- NO flagella, DO have axial filaments/endoflagella
borellia- lyme disease- tick borne- rash at bite site, bulls eye, early treatment w/antibiotics is recommended
symptoms: fever, headache, fatigue, and rash

A

borellia- phylum spirochaetes- assorted phyla

50
Q

seen in wild mammals, domestic dogs/cats
can be passed to humans by direct contact or w/urine, soil, and water
immunized dogs continue to shed this in urine and body fluids
if untreated, can cause severe kidney and liver disease in humans

A

leptospira- leptospirosis- phylum spirochaetes

51
Q

syphilis
STD, transmitted by direct contact
pregnant women can transmit to unborn child
if not treated early, can lead to long-term complications or death

A

treponema- syphilis- phylum spirochaetes

Microbiology (7 decks)

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