Ch. 11 test

Question 1

What part of the U.S. has the most right-to-work laws?

Answer 1

South

Question 2

How does Mexico compete with China in industry?

Answer 2

Lower shipping costs to Europe and the US.

Question 3

What is the world energy percentage by developed countries?

Answer 3

60%

Question 4

What is the world energy percentage by developing countries?

Answer 4

40%

Question 5

What was the principal source of energy in the 19th century?

Answer 5

Wood

Question 6

What was the principal source of energy in the late 19th century?

Answer 6

Coal

Question 7

What was the principal source of energy in the second half of the 20th century?

Answer 7

Petroleum

Question 8

What are the 3 principal steps of textile and apparel production?

Answer 8

• Spinning of fibers to make yarn
• Weaving or knitting of yarn into fabric
• Assembly of fabric into products

Question 9

Where are factories and industrial parks typically located?

Answer 9

Near suburban highway junctions

Question 10

What are the characteristics of trucks in transportation?

Answer 10

Short distance delivery, advantageous if the truck can reach the destination within one day.

Question 11

What are the characteristics of trains in transportation?

Answer 11

Ships to destinations that take more than one day, takes longer to load but won’t make daily stops.

Question 12

What are the characteristics of ships in transportation?

Answer 12

Used to transport over very long distances, cost per kilometer is low.

Question 13

What are the characteristics of airplanes in transportation?

Answer 13

Most expensive, speedy delivery.

Question 14

What percent of vehicles sold in the U.S. are produced in North America?

Answer 14

80%

Question 15

What percent of vehicles sold in the U.S. are produced in Japan?

Answer 15

10%

Question 16

What percent of vehicles sold in the U.S. are produced elsewhere?

Answer 16

10%

Question 17

What industries were impacted by the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 17

• Iron
• Transportation
• Textiles

Question 18

Why have companies moved their factories out of the Rust Belt area?

Answer 18

The South has less expensive site factors than the North.

Question 19

Who is the largest producer of steel?

Answer 19

China

Question 20

How have government quotas helped periphery and semi-periphery countries?

Answer 20

They ease the flow of goods by eliminating tariffs.

Question 21

How do core countries conduct agricultural practices?

Answer 21

Commercial farming with large plots of land, machinery, and intensive labor.

Question 22

What type of companies own hotels in peripheral countries?

Answer 22

Transnational corporations.

Question 23

What is Alfred Weber’s analysis of location decision?

Answer 23

Manufacturing plants will locate where costs are the least, with transportation being the most important cost.

Question 24

What are maquiladoras?

Answer 24

Factories within 35 miles from the Mexican-American border.

Question 25

What is vertical integration?

Answer 25

A strategy where a manufacturing company merges with another company that possesses forward or backward links in the supply or production process.

Question 26

Where should bulk-gaining industries be located?

Answer 26

Closer to the market.

Question 27

Where should bulk-reducing industries be located?

Answer 27

Near raw materials and fresh resources.

Question 28

What type of countries have high birth and death rates?

Answer 28

Periphery countries such as Sub-Saharan Africa.

Question 29

What is just-in-time production?

Answer 29

Companies buy or produce just what they need for short-term production and order again when needed.

Question 30

What is dollarization?

Answer 30

A country abandons its own currency and uses another country's currency.

Question 31

Which two countries dominate textile and manufacturing?

Answer 31

China and India.

Question 32

Why would foreign companies want to locate manufacturing plants in the U.S.?

Answer 32

Lower transportation costs and better access to markets.

Question 33

What is agglomeration?

Answer 33

When a group of industries cluster for mutual benefit.

Question 34

What is Rostow’s model?

Answer 34

A theory outlining five stages of economic development that all countries must pass through to become fully developed.

Question 35

What is the first stage of Rostow's model?

Answer 35

Traditional - primary, subsistence farming with limited technology.

Question 36

What is the second stage of Rostow's model?

Answer 36

Pre-Conditions for Take Off - progressive leadership and installation of infrastructure.

Question 37

What is the third stage of Rostow's model?

Answer 37

Take Off - experiences industrial growth and urbanization.

Question 38

What is the fourth stage of Rostow's model?

Answer 38

Drive to Maturity - diffusion of technology and industrial specialization.

Question 39

What is the fifth stage of Rostow's model?

Answer 39

High Mass Consumption - mass consumption and high incomes.

Question 40

What is the dependency ratio?

Answer 40

The percent of the population that is too young or too old to work.

Question 41

Why did the now defunct Detroit Denim Jean cost so much?

Answer 41

Made in America (Detroit), higher wages caused the jeans to be extremely expensive.

Question 42

What is the most important factor for industrial location?

Answer 42

Transportation cost.

Question 43

What is an example of a maquiladora?

Answer 43

Han Young maquiladora, a plant in Tijuana that manufactured car parts for Hyundai.

Question 44

What country was the first to industrialize?

Answer 44

Great Britain.

Question 45

Which industry is located closest to its raw material source?

Answer 45

Nickel smelting.