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Pharmacology > Ch 11 (test 2) > Flashcards

Ch 11 (test 2) Flashcards

1
Q

analgesics

A

medications that relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness

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2
Q

Breakthrough pain

A

pain that occurs between doses of pain medication

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3
Q

narcotics

A

very strong pain relievers capable of producing addiction: given to provide analgesia.

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4
Q

nonopioid analgesics

A

analgesics that are not classified as opioids

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5
Q

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

A

a large chemically diverse group of drugs that are analgesics and also possess anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity but are not steroids.

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6
Q

opioid analgesics

A

synthetic drugs that bind to opiate receptors to relieve pain but are not themselves derived from the opium plant.

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7
Q

opioid naive

A

describes patients who are receiving opioid analgesics for the first time and who therefore are not accustomed to their effects

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8
Q

opioid tolerance

A

a normal physiologic condition that results from long-term opioid use, in which larger doses of opioids are required to maintain the same level of analgesia.

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9
Q

MU

A

block pain, expect respiratory depression, euphoria, and sedation.

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10
Q

Kappa

A

expect some analgesia, MORE SEDATION, euphoria, and pupil dilation.

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11
Q

Sigma

A

expect some analgesia, DYSPHORIA, and psychosis.

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12
Q

Codeine Sulfate

A
  1. schedule II
  2. antitussive: cough supressor
  3. when combined with acetaminophen schedule III.
  4. from opium
  5. ceiling effect
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13
Q

Duragesic, fentanyl

A
  1. transdermal patch
  2. 72 hours to 1 wk
  3. for chronic/cancer pain
  4. opioid
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14
Q

Demerol, meperidine

A
  1. synthetic narcotic
  2. metabolized to a TOXIC metabolite with long half life.
  3. increased risk of seizures with prolonged use (>3 days)
  4. 50-100 mg IM; PCA 10mg/10min.
  5. not for elderly or pt with renal dysfunction
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15
Q

Dolophine, methadone hydrochloride

A
  1. used for narcotic addiction detox (long half life).
  2. 40-120mg po daily for narcotic maintenance.
  3. No high or euphoria
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16
Q

Morphine Sulfate

A
  1. comparison drug
  2. constipating
  3. ABUSE
  4. pulmonary edema; decreases dyspnea and treats L ventricular failure by dec workload
  5. PCA 1 mg/10min
  6. not used with renal insufficiency d/t toxic metabolites.
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17
Q

OxyContin, oxycodone hydrochloride

A
  1. continuous relief every 12 hr po
  2. synthetic related to morphine
  3. moderate to severe pain
  4. drug abuse
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18
Q

Oxycontin + acetaminophen

A

Percocet

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19
Q

Oxycontin + aspirin

A

Percodan

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20
Q

Contraindications for narcotic analgesic use

A
  1. allergy

2. asthma

21
Q

Side effects of narcotic

A
  1. CNS; euphoria and halucination sedation, confusion, diziness, ADDICTION.
  2. Respiratory; RESP DEPRESSION,
  3. GI: N&V, constipation
  4. GU; urinary retention
  5. cardiac; orthostatic hypotension, flushing face, palpitations, (apnea can produce cardiac arrest)
22
Q

Narcan, naloxone

A
  1. antidote for narcotics
  2. IVP repeated every 2-3 min.
  3. pt will experience pain
  4. works by competing with narcotic for receptor site.
23
Q

MS contin

A

sustained release morphine tablet used for CHRONIC severe pain.

24
Q

Duragesic is the name brand

A

fentanyl is the generic name

25
Q

Demerol is the name brand

A

meperidine is the generic name

26
Q

Dolophine is the name brand

A

methadone hydrochloride is the generic name

27
Q

OxyContin is the brand name

A

oxycodone hydrochloride is the generic name

28
Q

Dependency time frame

A

physical occurs within 2 wks

psychological takes even longer

29
Q

prevent constipation with

A

increased fluids

high fiber

30
Q

opioid overdose triad

A
  1. coma
  2. respiritory depression
  3. dilated pupils
31
Q

Narcotic agonist-antagonist

A
  1. stim some receptors while blocking others
  2. less abuse no euphoria
  3. increased risk of anxiety, restlessness, confusion, psychotic episodes.
  4. short term control of mod to sever pain
  5. n&V, constipation dizziness hallucinations
32
Q

Stadol

A
  1. Narcotic agonist-antagonist
  2. given by IM, IV or nasal spray.
  3. pre-op sedation/ migraine head aches
33
Q

Nubain

A
  1. Narcotic agonist-antagonist

2. given for labor and delivery

34
Q

Talwin

A
  1. Narcotic agonist-antagonist

2. oral analgesia

35
Q

Opioid antagonists

A
  1. compete with opioid drugs for CNS receptor sites.

2. used in cases of opioid overdose

36
Q

Trexan

A
  1. used to maintain opioid-free status in former addicts.
  2. used to treat alcoholism
  3. contraindicated in pts with liver disease.
37
Q

Tylenol is the brand name

A

acetaminophen is the generic name

38
Q

Tylenol, acetaminophen

A
  1. blocks peripheral pain impulse by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.
  2. route is PO or PR
  3. safest drug in use aside from aspirin
  4. onset; 10-20, peak in .5-2 hr, duration 3-4.
  5. half life is 1-4 hrs.
  6. CHO slows abs.
39
Q

contraindications for aspirin use

A
  1. Gi bleed (irritates gastric mucosa)
  2. Children (Reyes disease)
  3. Allergies: tartrazine yellow #5
  4. Anemia, renal or liver disease.
40
Q

Overdose mgmt of Tylenol

A
  1. Renal damage occurs with overuse
  2. max dose is 4,000 mg/day
  3. use of alcohol with Tylenol is dangerous
  4. liver toxicity occurs with overdose
41
Q

Mucomyst is the name brand

A

acetylcysteine is the generic name

42
Q

Mucomyst, acetylcysteine

A
  1. antidote for Tylenol overdose.
  2. prevents hepatotoxic metabolite formation
  3. given within 10 hrs.
  4. PO every 4 hrs 18 times.
43
Q

Advil/Motrin are the brand names

A

ibuprofen is the generic name

44
Q

Advil, Motrin, ibuprofen

A

OTC NSAID

45
Q

Aspirin is the brand name

A

Asa a is the generic name

46
Q

Aspirin, salicylate (ASA)

A
  1. OTC NSAID
  2. Blocks prostaglandin synthesis to inhibit peripheral nerve impulse
  3. ceiling effect
  4. anti-platelet effect (prevents blood clot)
47
Q

Ultram is the name brand

A

tramadol is the generic name

48
Q

Ultram, tramadol

A
  1. perscription NSAID for Mod to sever pain
  2. similar SE to narcotics
  3. PO q 6 hours
  4. not for elderly

Pharmacology (31 decks)

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