Ch. 12 Flashcards
(51 cards)
adaptive immunity
remembers invaders. slower response compared to innate. SPECIFIC to a particular antigen or foreign invader
immunological memory
secondary exposure to the same antigen is rapid and effective and frequently will not experience disease symptoms or it can be mild
what do adaptive responses have?
MEMORY! when you’re exposed to an infectious agent you’ve previously fought, ur adaptive response responds so rapidly u may not even develop symptoms
adaptive immunity includes two facets:
- humoral immunity: antibodies made by activated B cells
- cellular immunity: T cell mediated
mature T and B reside where?
lymphoid tissues
where do T cells mature?
Thymus
where do B cells mature?
Bone marrow
epitopes
particular sites on antigen that B and T cells recognize
T cell activation
effector cells
B cell activation
effector cells are called plasma cells and they make abys
T cytotoxic cells
DIRECTLY DESTROY infected, foreign, cancer cells
T helper cells
do not directly seek and destroy, they stimulate other WBCs, call for help using cytokines. Releasing cytokines activate other WBCs and call them to the area. main organizers of cellular and humoral immunity. most abundant
B cells
stimulated by T helper cells. Activated B cells (plasma cells) will secrete antibodies
immunogenicity
ability to stimulate immune response
haptens
incomplete antigens; they themselves are not able to stimulate immune responses but if they are linked to something like a protein, then they can
self-tolerance
property of immune cells by which they will not attack normal self-cells; the ability to differentiate self from foreign and only attack foreign substances.
antigen
any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it
T helper 1 cells
mainly activate T cytotoxic cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells to destroy pathogens inside of host cells.
T helper 2 cells
primarily stimulate B cells to make antibodies and are therefore key stimulators of humoral immune responses.
T regulatory cells
control functions of other WBCs, including dendritic cells, mast cells, B cells, and other T cells to ensure that immune responses taper off once a threat subsides; this reduces risk for auto-inflammatory disorders and collateral host tissue damage from sustained inflammation.
T cells are screened for self-tolerance
T cells are screened in the thymus = recognizes MHCs = no is apoptosis/yes is asking if it’s potentially self reactive = yes is apoptosis/no is passes self-tolerance screening and migrates to lymphoid tissues
B cells are screened for self-tolerance
B cells are screened in bone marrow = Could make abys to self antigens? = yes is apoptosis/no is passes self tolerance screening and migrates to lymphoid tissues
What MHC proteins are present on T and B cell surfaces?
T cell: MHC 1
B cell: MHC 1 & 2
T cell receptors
Antigen recognition receptors on T cells.
