Ch 12 The Cell Cycle/Mitosis

Question 1

Describe 3 processes mitosis is critical for

Answer 1

a. Asexual reproduction - in single celled organisms, each new cell will be an individual organism
b. Growth and development
c. Tissue Renewal - replace cells that die from accidents or normal wear and tear

Question 2

two phases of the cell cycle?

Answer 2

Mitotic
i. Includes mitosis and cytokinesis
ii. Shortest part of the cell cycle
Interphase
i. 90% of cell cycle
ii. G1 phase (first gap), S phase (synthesis), G2 phase (second gap)

Question 3

subphases of interphase (describe)

Answer 3

G1 - a cell grows
S - continues to grow as it copies its chromosomes
G1 - grows more as it completes preparations for cell division

Question 4

What is a chromosome

Answer 4

A cellular structure consisting of one DNA molecule and associated protein molecules. Located in the nucleus or nucleoid

consists of one very long, linear DNA molecule associated with many proteins (proteins maintain the structure of the chromosome and help control the activity of the genes)

Question 5

histone protein

Answer 5

a protein that provides structural support to a chromosome

Question 6

chromatin

Answer 6

The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes.

Question 7

sister chromatids

Answer 7

joined copies of original chromosome

Question 8

centromere

Answer 8

Each sister chromatid has a centromere, a region made up of repetitive sequences in the chromosomal DNA where the chromatid is attached most closely to its sister chromatid

Question 9

kinetochore

Answer 9

a structure made up of proteins that have assembled on specific sections of DNA at each centromere.

Question 10

centriole

Answer 10

part of centrosome, used to organize microtubules

Question 11

microtubules

Answer 11

A hollow rod composed of tubulin proteins that makes up part of the cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells and is found in cilia and flagella.