Ch 6 The Cell

Question 1

cell theory

Answer 1

• all living things are composed of cells
• Cells are the smallest unit of life, the basic unit of organization
• All cells arise from previously existing cells

Question 2

four components found in all cells

Answer 2

• A plasma membrane
• selective permeability, allows passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes
• Cytoplasm - jelly-like fluid inside of cell, cytosol - innermost cytoplasm
• DNA - genetic material (sometimes in a nucleus)
• Ribosomes - help the cell makes proteins

Question 3

Prokaryotic

Answer 3

smaller, simpler, most have no organelles, bacteria and archaea

Question 4

Eukaryotic

Answer 4

larger, more complex, membrane enclosed organelles, protists, plants, fungi, animals

Question 5

free ribosome

Answer 5

• suspended in the cytosol

- synthesize simple proteins

Question 6

bound ribosome

Answer 6

• attached to the outside of the ER

- synthesize proteins that are exported from the cell

Question 7

smooth ER

Answer 7

• does not build protein
• synthesizes lipids
• oils/phospholipids
• steroids including the sex hormones of vertebrates and adrenal steroids - metabolizes (breaks down) carbohydrates
• detoxifies
• stores calcium

Question 8

Rough ER

Answer 8

• builds protein synthesizes, modifies, and package

Question 9

plant/animal cell similarities

Answer 9

• both have a nucleus (an organelle) w/ DNA
• plasma membrane w/ribosomes
• endoplasmic re9culum
• cytoskeleton - specifically (microfilaments and microtubules) * mitochondria - produces energy
• golgi apparatus
• perioxisome

Question 10

animal cells have these, plant cells do not

Answer 10

• flagellum/microvilli
• centrosome
• intermediate filaments * lysosome

Question 11

plant cells have these, animal cells do not

Answer 11

• central vacuole * chloroplast

* plasmodesmata

Question 12

chloroplast

Answer 12

organelle found in plants and photosynthe9c pro9sts that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water

Question 13

lysosome

Answer 13

organelle of hydrolyic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of animal cells and some protists

Question 14

central vacuole

Answer 14

In a mature plant cell, a large membranous sac with diverse roles in growth, storage, and sequestra9on of toxic substances

Question 15

ribosome

Answer 15

complexes made up of ribosomal RNAs and proteins (not membrane bounded/not organelles)

Question 16

Smooth ER

Answer 16

ER w/o ribosomes; synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, detoxification of drugs and poisons, storage of calcium ions

Question 17

Mitochondrion

Answer 17

organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration; uses oxygen to break down organic molecules and synthesize ATP

Question 18

Rough ER

Answer 18

ER w/ ribosomes; synthesizes, modifies, and packages

Question 19

Golgi apparatus

Answer 19

organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store, and route products of the ER and synthesize some products, notably non-cellulose carbohydrates

Question 20

nucleus

Answer 20

Organelle of a eukaryotic cell that. Contains the genetic material in the form of chromosomes, made up of chromatin

Question 21

cytoskeleton

Answer 21

a network of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments that extend through the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical, transport and signaling functions

Question 22

role of mitochondria

Answer 22

• create energy in the form of ATP (the only energy cells can use) from sugar
• found in all eukaryotic cells
• only place outside of the nucleus where DNA is found

Question 23

role of chloroplasts

Answer 23

• create energy
• enclosed by two membranes
• site of photosynthesis
• thylakoids surface is laced with the light-capturing photosynthetic pigments - uses energy of light to create carbohydrates