Ch 13/14/15 Flashcards
(337 cards)
1
Q
a-
A
without absence of
2
Q
epi-
A
upon over above on top
3
Q
hemi-
A
half
4
Q
intra-
A
within
5
Q
mono-
A
one
6
Q
para-
A
alongside or abnormal
7
Q
poly-
A
excessive many over
8
Q
quadri-
A
four
9
Q
ather/o
A
fatty plaque
10
Q
aut/o
A
self
11
Q
cephal/o
A
head
12
Q
cerebell/o
A
little brain/cerebellum
13
Q
cerebr/o
A
brain/cerebrum
14
Q
crani/o
A
skull/cranium
15
Q
embol/o
A
plug
16
Q
encephal/o
A
brain
17
Q
gli/o
A
glue
18
Q
gnos/o
A
knowledge
19
Q
hem/o
A
blood
20
Q
Hydr/o
A
water
21
Q
later/o
A
side
22
Q
mening/i mening/o
A
membrane
23
Q
my/o
A
muscle
24
Q
myel/o
A
spinal cord/medulla/myelin
25
narc/o
numbness
26
neur/o
nerve
27
poli/o
gray
28
scler/o
hard
29
thromb/o
clot
30
little vessel
vasculo
31
ventricul/o
little belly, ventricle
32
-al
pertaining to
33
-ar
pertaining to
34
-cele
hernia swelling protrusion
35
-ia
condition of
36
-ic
pertaining to
37
-ism
condition or disease
38
-lepsy
seizure
39
-malacia
softening
40
-oma
tumor
41
-osis
condition of
42
-pathy
disease
43
-plegia
paralysis
44
-rrhage
abnormal discharge
45
-troph
development
46
-us
pertaining to
47
an-
without, absence of
48
angi/o
blood vessel
49
dur/o
hard
50
ech/o
sound
51
electr/o
electricity
52
esthes/o
sensation
53
gangli/o ganglion/o
swelling/knot
54
psych/o
mind
55
radic/o
nerve root
56
rhiz/o
nerve root
57
tom/o
to cut
58
vag/o
vagus nerve
59
-algesia
pain
60
-ectomy
surgical removal
61
-gram
record or image
62
-graphy
recording process
63
-iatry
treatment, specialty
64
-ist
one who specializes
65
-logy
study or science of
66
-lysis
loosen/dissolve
67
-plasty
surgical repair
68
-rrhaphy
suturing
69
-tome
cutting instrument
70
-tomy
incision, to cut
71
bi-
two
72
dys-bad abnormal painful difficult
73
ment/o
mind
74
phren/o
mind
75
psych/o
mind
76
schiz/o
divide,split
77
somat/o
body
78
-lexia
pertaining to word or phrase
79
-mania
madness,frenzy
80
-osis
condition of
81
-phobia
fear
82
a-
without absence of
83
dipl-
double
84
hyper-
excessive abnormally high above
85
conjunctiv/o
bind together/conunctiva
86
cyst/o
bladder/sac
87
dacry/o
tear
88
ir/o
iris
89
kerat/o
hard/cornea
90
lith/o
stone
91
ophthalm/o
eye
92
presby/o
old age
93
retin/o
retina
94
sinus/o
cavity
95
stigmat/o
point
96
-iasis
condition of
97
-ism
condition or disease
98
-malacia
softening
99
-opia
condition of vision
100
-plegia
paralysis
101
intra-
within
102
ocul/o
eye
103
opt/o
eye
104
radi/o
radius
105
rhin/o
nose
106
-ar
pertaining to
107
-logist
one who studies
108
-metrist
one who measures
109
-stomy
surgical creation of an opening
110
-tomy
incision, to cut
111
extern/o
exterior
112
mastoid/o
resembling a breast
113
med/o
middle
114
ot/o
ear
115
presby/o
old age
116
scler/o
hard, sclera
117
-acusis
condition of hearing
118
-osis
condition of
119
audi/o
hearing
120
labyrinth/o
maze, inner ear
121
mastoid/o
resembling a breast
122
myring/o
membrane, eardrum
123
ot/o
ear
124
tympan/o
eardrum
125
-metry
measurement, process of measuring
126
-scope
instrument used for viewing
127
-scopy
process of viewing
128
-tomy
incision, to cut
129
endo-
within
130
para-
alongside abnormal
131
aden/o
gland
132
adren/o
adrenal gland
133
calc/i calc/o
calcium
134
carcin/o
cancer
135
crin/o
to secrete
136
glyc/o
sugar
137
Gonad/o
sex gland
138
myx/o
mucus
139
pancreat/o
sweetbread/pancreas
140
thyr/o
shield thyroid
141
thyroid/o
resembling shield, thyroid
142
-al
pertaining to
143
-emia
condition of blood
144
-ism
condition or disease
145
-megaly
abnormally large
146
-oma
tumor
147
-osis
condition of
148
-penia
abnormal reduction in number, deficiency
149
loss of ability to interpret sensory information disorder known as
agnosia
150
over 40, brain undergoes gradual deterioration resulting in confusion, short-term memory loss, restlessness and cognitive losses
alzheimers disease AD
151
progressive atrophy (loss) of muscle caused by hardening of nervous tissue on later columns of spinal cord
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS
Lou Gehrigs disease
152
developmental disorder varies severity with pt, withdrawal from outward reality and impaired development in social conduct and communication. “Disease of self”
autism
153
paralysis of face muscles on one side due to damage to the seventh cranial nerve
bell’s palsy
154
inflammation of cerebellum
cerebellitis
155
arteries channeling blood to brain weaken and bulge placing brain at great risk of damage resulting from a burst aneurysm
cerebral aneurysm
156
vessels gradually close due to accumulation of fatty plaques, reducing the floe of blood to the brain
cerebral atherosclerosis
157
moving blood clot in an artery of the brain
cerebral embolism
158
condition of bleeding from blood vessels associated with the cerebrum
cerebral hemorrhage
159
partial muscle paralysis persist through life caused by brain lesion present at birth or brain malfunction during early childhood
cerebral palsy (CP)
160
stroke (blood supply to brain is reduced or cut off resulting in irreversible death of brain crlld
CVA cerebrovascular accident
161
mini stroke
TIA transient ischemic attsck
162
Lodged stationary blood clot
thrombus
163
moving blood clots
emboli
164
several levels of abnormally decreased consciousness
coma
165
an injury to soft tissue resulting from blow or violent shaking
concussion
166
brain injury: bleeding that can result in functional losses and death
concussion
167
inflammation of brain
encephalitis
168
softening of brain tissue
encephalomalacia
169
A chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, including convulsions and temporary loss of consciousness
epilepsy
170
neoplasm (tumor) of glial cells
glioma
171
neoplasm
abnormal growth
172
cerebrospinal fluid filling beyond head capacity due to Narrowing or blockage
hydrocephalus
173
Benign tumour of the meninges usually arising from the arachnoid Mater, and occurring within the superior sagittal sinus on top of the brain
meningioma
174
inflammation of the meninges usually caused by bacterial infection
meningitis
175
A protrusion of the meninges usually caused by a birth defect in the skull or spinal column
meningocele
176
Term associated with a protrusion of the meninges in spinal cord through a defective opening in the spinal column
meningomyelocele
177
Disease characterized by the deterioration of the myelin sheath covering axons within the brain
Multiple sclerosis
178
Inflammation of the spinal cord
myelitis
179
sleep disorder, characterized by sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep, attacks of paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations
Narcolepsy
180
dreams intruding into the wakeful state
hypnogogic hallucinations
181
inflammation of a nerve
neuritis
182
inflammation of many nerves
polyneuritis
183
tumor originating from neuron
neuroma
184
damage to peripheral nerves due to any cause
neuropathy
polyneuropathy if multiple areas affected
185
muscles of legs and lower body paralyzed
paraplegia
186
one limb paralyzed
monoplegia
187
paralysis of one arm and one leg on same side paralyzed
hemiplegia
188
paralysis from neck down includes all 4 limbs
quadriplegia
189
chronic progressive degenerative disease of the brain characterized by tremors, rigidity, and shuffling gait:
parkinson’s disease (PD)
190
inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord sometimes resulting in paralysis or death
poliomyelitis
191
inflammation of the ventricles of the brain
ventriculitis
192
most common form of pain management (ibuprofen, asprin, acetominophen)
analgesic
opioid (codeine:morphine)
193
primary type of pain management used during surgical procedures
anesthesia
194
anesthesia is managed by anesthesiologist but administered by
anesthesist
195
diagnostic procedure reveals blood flow to brain by x-ray photo
cerebral angiography
196
procedure using computer to interpret series of xray images and construct them to a 3D view of brain
computed (axil) tomography scan
197
surgical removal of part of bony cranium
craniectomy
198
incision made through cranium to provide surgical access to brain
craniotomy
199
ultrasound used to record brain structures in search for abnormaloties
echoencephalography EchoEG
200
general type of treatment to manage neurological disorders
effectual drug therapy
201
meds reduce pt anxiety levels
antianxiety
202
meds to control convulsions occuring in disease such as epilepsy
anticonvulsants
203
meds used against fever
antipyretics
204
meds reduce hallucinations/confusion
antipsychotics
205
diagnostic procedure records electrical impulses if brain to measure brain activity
EEG electroencephalography
206
meds produce stupor or induce sleep
narcotics
207
meds used to calm agitated and anxious pts
tranquilizers/sedatives
208
injection of spinal block anesthetic into epidural space to manage pain
Epidural
209
group of diagnostic tests measuring changes in brain waves during particular stimuli to determine brsin function. Evaluates sight, hearing and other senses
( EP studies)evoked potential studies
210
surgical removal of a ganglion
gangliectomy
211
withdrawal (aspiration) of CSF from subarachnoid space in the lumbar region of vertebral column where spinal cord is absent
lumbar puncture (LP)
212
diagnostic procedure using powerful magnets used to observe soft tissues in body including brain
magnetic resonance imaging
213
xray photograph of the spinal cord following injection of a contrast dye
myelogram
procedure of myelogram is myelography
214
surgical removal of nerve
neurectomy
215
study and medical practice of nervous system
neurology
216
physician specializing in neurology
neurologist
217
procedure of separating a nerve by removing unwanted adhesions
neurolysis
218
surgical repair of nerve
neuroplasty
219
suturing of nerves
neurorraphy
220
incision into a nerve
neurotomy
221
scan using radioactive chemical to provide a map of metabolically active cells within the brain
positron emission tomography
222
branch of medicine addressing disorders of brain resulting in mental, emotional, behavioral disturbances
psychiatry
223
drug therapy targeting brain
psychopharmacology
224
psychiatric therapy to improve pts quality of life
psychoanalysis
225
field not a medical specialty . Study of human behavior
psychology
226
uses applied psychology to treat patients suffering from behavioural disorders and emotional trauma
clinical psychology
227
technique used in treating behavioral and emotional issues
psychotherapy
228
surgical incision into a nerve root
radicotomy or rhizotomy
229
series of diagnostic tests performed to observe the body’s response to touch stimuli
reflex testing
230
powerful chemical that dissolves blood clots in vessels supplying the brain is known as
tPA tissue plasminogen activator
231
several branches of vagus nerve severed to reduce acid secretion into stomach to help reduce reoccurrence of peptic ulcer or reduce pain from digestive organs
vagotomy
232
Occurs when mental state dominates behaviour usually an acute response includes restlessness, psychological tension, tachycardia, and shortness of breath
anxiety disorder
233
Neurological disorder, characterized by short attention, span, and poor concentration, usually associated with school-age children, but can also affect adults
attention-deficit disorder
234
mental disorder affects cognitive functions of the cerebrum, causing alternating periods of high energy and mental confusion, known as mania with low energy and mental depression
bipolar disorder
235
mental confusion
mania
236
An impairment of mental function characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and confusion, usually associated with old age sometimes the companies Alzheimer’s
dementia
237
Reading handicapped, that’s neurological cause with some letters and numbers are reversed in order by the brain
dyslexia
238
And emotional disorder of a normally hi psycho motor activity, which includes excitement a rapid movement of ideas on stable, attention, sleeplessness, and confusion between reality and imagination
mania
239
Individual believes oneself to be a person of great fame or wealth
megalomania
240
An emotional disorder involving a counterproductive way of dealing with mental stress
neurosis
241
Person experiencing persistent delusions of persecution, resulting in mistrust and combativeness
paranoia
242
An irrational, obsessive fear
phobia
243
People who have experienced severe mental strain, physical threat or injury, such as military combat or physical assault or emotional trauma, suffered from a cute condition. That includes sleeplessness, anxiety and paranoia.
post traumatic stress disorder
244
General term for a mental or emotional disorder
psychopathy
245
individual suffering from a grossss torsion or disorganization of their mental capacity, emotional response and capacity to recognize reality, and relate to others may be diagnosed with the disease known as
psychosis most common form shizophrenia
246
influence of the mind over bodily functions, especially disease among some people their mind creates symptoms of suggest an illness when sick physical signs are absent and others can be real physical illness, resulting from mental anxiety, such as peptic ulcer and hypertension
psychosomatic
247
Most common form of psychosis, characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and extensive withdrawal from other people in the outside world
schizophrenia
248
Commonly known as lazy eye, common cause of vision, loss, in children when nerve pathway from one eye failing to develop sending a blur damage to the brain (mixed message confuses the brain leading to vision loss if not treated)
amblyopia
249
one or both eyes crossed (squinting)
strabismus
250
one or both eyes turned inward
Esotropia
251
one eye turned outward
exotropia
252
lens in eye becomes transparent
cataract
253
“Pinkeye” inflammation of thin membrane covering exposed part of eye and inner eyelid
conjunctivitis
254
tear forming gland with associated tubes and chambers mainly located near medial side of each eyeball
lacrimal apparatus
255
presence of rocky particles in lacrimal apparatus
dacryolithiasis
256
dacryolithiasis painful condition leads to inflammation of lacrimal apparatus
dacryocystitis
257
common cause of blindness when retina tears away from choroid layer of the eye
detached retina
258
condition of double vision
diplopia
259
loss of vision when fluid pressure within anterior chamber of eye rises above normal and spreads pushing against delicate retina and optic nerve
glaucoma
260
meibomian gland is small gland in eyelid secretes lubricating fluid onto the conjunctiva. An infection of this gland produces local swelling of eyelid
hordeolum or sty
Chronic form is chalazion
261
bacterial infection causing inflammation of iris
iritis
262
inflammation of cornea
keratitis
263
progressive deterioration of the macula lutea leads to loss of visual focus
macular degeneration
264
softening of the eye
opthalmomalacia
265
paralysis of the eye
opthalmoplegia
266
disease of retina
retinopathy
267
Conditions of the eye result in reduction of vision, resulting from an error in the refraction (bending) of light as it travels through the eye
refractive errors
268
nearsightedness
myopia
269
farsightedness
hyperopia
270
age related form of refractive error beginning soon after age of 40 (hyperopia worsens with time)
presbyopia
271
curvature of eye defective resulting in blurred near and far vision
Astigmatism
272
normal condition of the eye
emmetropia
273
lens damaged by cataract is surgically removed and replaced with artificial lens
cataract extraction
technique is phacoemulsification
274
articial lens
Intra ocular lens (IOL)
275
Treatment of corneal damage injured cornea removed and replaced by implantation of donor or synthetic cornea
corneal grafting
276
tiny holes created through retina by laser treatment which welds retina back into place
cryopexy
“Surgical fixation by freezing”
277
tiny band attached to white outsidr layer of eye to push the wall of eye against detached retina
scleral buckling
278
channel surgically created between nasal cavity and lacrimal sac to promote drainage
dacryocystorhinostomy
279
laser to reshape corneal tissue beneath surface of cornea to correct refractive errors
LaSIk
laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis
280
health professional trained to examine eyes to correct vision problems and eye disorders
optometrist
281
Physician specializing in study of treatment of diseases associated with the eyes
opthalmologist
282
Form of refractive surgery because it corrects refractive error of myopia
radial keratotomy
283
formation of a cyst like ball of epithelial cells in middle ear
cholesteatoma
284
inflammation of mastoid (process of temporal bone of skull housing middle and internal ear)
mastoiditis
285
Chronic disease of the inner ear
Menieres disease
286
general term for inflammation of the ear
otitis
287
Another form of otitis where middle ear is involved to cause local pain and a temporary loss of hearing
otitis media
288
abnormal formation of bone within ear
otosclerosis
289
gradual loss of hearing with advancing age is a very common condition
presbyacusis
290
one who specializes in hearing disorders and treatment
audiologist
291
procedure involving measurement of hearing is usually performed by
audiologist
292
small electronic device that helps provide sensation of sound to person dead or hard of hearing
cochlear implant
293
inner ear or labyrinth surgically removed
labyrinthectomy
294
surgical removal of part of mastoid process of temporal bone
mastoidectomy
295
making incision into mastoid process in procedure
mastoidotomy
296
surgical repair of ear drum
myringoplasty
297
incision into the eardrum
myringotomy
298
medical field of ear disorders and their treatment
otology
299
instrument used in physical exam to view ear canal and ear drum
otoscope
300
Procedure evaluates elasticity of eardrum by measuring its movement
tympanometry
301
surgical repair of the ear drum
tympanoplasty
302
child suffering from thyroid glands ability to produce normal levels of growth hormone at birth
congenital hypothyroidism
303
condition caused by excessive secretion of hormone cortisol by adrenal cortex snd affecting many organs
cushing syndrome
304
hypo secretion of anti diuretic hormone by pituitary gland
diabetes insipidus
305
result of resistance of body cells to insulin or deficiency or complete lack of insulin production by cells of pancreas
diabetes mellitus
306
when unmanaged diabetes worsens leading to kidney failure and damage to the eyes
diabetic retinopathy
307
general term for disease of endocrine system
endocrinopathy
308
excessive activity of one or more adrenal glands
hyperadrenalism
309
adrenal gland activity becomes abnormally reduced, resulting in the early symptom’s of fatigue and darkening of skin
hypoadrenalism if left untreated becomes addisons disease
310
disease where calcium levels in the blood become abnormally high
hypercalcemia
311
condition of abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood
hypocalcemia
312
blood sugars fall to abnormally low levels
hypoglycemia
313
excessive production of parathyroid hormone by the glands
hyperparathyroidism
314
excessive activity of the thyroid gland produces abnormally high levels of thyroid hormone
hyperthyroidism
315
thyroid gland activity becomes deficient, thyroid hormone blood levels drop below normal
hypothyroidism
316
abnormal levels of FSH and LH result in reduced sexual interest and reproductive capacity. If before puberty can cause failurr to develop secondary sex characteristics
hypogonadism
317
inflammation of pancreas
pancreatitis
318
abnormally high production of pituitary growth hormone b4 adulthood
pituitary gigantism
319
pituitary growth hormone is deficient at birth resulting in short stature
pituitary dwarfism
320
Inflammation of thyroid
thyroiditis
321
surgical excision, removal of one or both of the adrenal glands
adrenalectomy
322
physician specializing in field of endocrine disorders
endocrinologist
323
blood sugar levels measured after a 12 hr fast
fasting blood sugar
324
blood sugar levels are measured about 2 hrs after a meal
postprandial blood sugar
325
postprandial
after a meal
326
test used to confirm diagnoses of diabetes mellitus examines a pt’s tolerance of glucose
glucose tolerance test
327
common therapy to counteract hyposecretion of the endocrine gland
hormone replacement therapy
328
Surgical excision or removal of a parathyroid gland
parathyroidectomy
329
Diagnostic procedure used to track and measure its entry into thyroid gland cells with a scanning instrument
radioactive iodine
330
radioactive therapy target cells within thyroid gland and destroys them
radioiodine therapy
331
procedure measuring thyroid function
thyroid scan
332
thyroid tumor
thyroidoma
333
Surgical removal of thyroid gland
thyroidectomy
334
procedure which thyroid gland is surgically entered
thyroidotomy
335
thyroid gland evaluated for disease using ultrasound in procedure
thyroid ultrasonography
336
parathyroid and thyroid removal surgery
thyroparathyroidectomy
337
diagnostic test measuring thyroxine levels in the blood
thyroxine test
