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Comm 315 > Ch. 13-15 > Flashcards

Ch. 13-15 Flashcards

1
Q

Making someone feel unappreciated or unimportant.

A

Devaluation

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2
Q

When people violate implicit or explicit relational rules.

A

Relational transgressions

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3
Q

5 relational transgressions

A
  1. Having sex with someone else
  2. Dating others
  3. Deceiving others about something important
  4. Physical violence
  5. Keeping secrets
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4
Q

Confronts one’s partner about hurtful remarks.

A

Active verbal responses

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5
Q

Giving in and acknowledging partner’s ability to inflict hurt.

A

Acquiescent responses

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6
Q

Acting unaffected by the hurtful remark.

A

Invulnerable responses

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7
Q

Intentionally managing verbal or nonverbal messages so that a receiver will believe or understand something in a way that the sender knows is false.

A

Deception

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8
Q

5 types of deception

A
  1. Lies
  2. Equivocation
  3. Concealment
  4. exaggeration
  5. Understatement
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9
Q

Evasion; being indirect, ambiguous, or contradictory

A

Equivocation

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10
Q

We expect others, especially those we like or are close to, to be honest and we do not look for deception.

A

Truth bias

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11
Q

Has a very strong negative effect on relationships, possibly the least forgivable of hurtful events.

A

Infidelity

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12
Q

Sexual activity with someone other than one’s long term partner.

A

Sexual infidelity

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13
Q

Involvement with another person, channeling emotional resources to someone else.

A

Emotional infidelity

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14
Q

Predicts men should get more upset over sexual infidelity, women should get more upset over emotional infidelity.

A

Evolutionary Hypothesis for Infidelity

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15
Q

May be the result though of a relational transgressions itself (if the accusations/suspicions are unwarranted)

A

Jealously

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16
Q

When people want something of value that someone else has.

A

Envy

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17
Q

One person (would-be lover) wants to initiate or intensify a romantic relationship, but the other (rejector) does not.

A

Unrequited love

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18
Q

(Following someone everywhere) about inducing fear and making threats.

A

Stalking

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19
Q

When is relational violence more common?

A

It is more common in established relationship than in unrequited love.

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20
Q

Occurs when conflict spirals out of control and parters resort to using violence as a way of venting emotional and trying to control the conflict.

A

Common Couple Violence

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21
Q

2 patterns of common couple violence

A
  1. Repeated common couple violence

2. Isolated common couple violence

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22
Q

A strategic and enduring pattern of behavior involving using violence to control a partner.

A

Intimate terrorism

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23
Q

What does the investment model of relationship start with?

A

Interdependence theory

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24
Q

Every relationship has a unique pattern of interdependence based on the specific rewards and costs exchanged, as well as the degree to which they are dependent on each other to reach their goals.

A

Interdependence theory

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25
Q

Commitment helps protect relationships against the destruction that hurtful events and conflict can cause.

A

Investment model of relationship

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26
Q

Satisfaction, investments, and alternatives predict how committed people are to their relationships.

A

Commitment

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27
Q

What two things is satisfaction based on?

A
  1. Rewards & costs

2. Outcome

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28
Q

Exchanged resources that are pleasurable and gratifying.

A

Rewards

29
Q

Exchanged resources that result in a loss or punishment.

A

Costs

30
Q

Ratio of costs to rewards must be as good or better than expected.

A

Outcome

31
Q

Resources that become attached to a relationship and would decline in value or be lost if the relationship were to end.

A

Investments

32
Q

Those put directly into the relationship. (Time, effort, affection, disclosure)

A

Intrinsic investments

33
Q

Develop over time as a result of being in the relationship. (Material possessions, identity, social networks)

A

Extrinsic investments

34
Q

The types of alternatives people perceive they have outside of the current relationship.

A

Quality of alternatives

35
Q

If people are highly committed to their relationship, they are likely to use five pro-relationship behaviors when they encounter problems.

A

Pro-relationship behaviors

36
Q

5 pro-relationship behaviors

A
  1. Deciding to remain
  2. Accommodating the partner
  3. Derogations alternatives
  4. Showing a willingness to sacrifice
  5. Perceiving relationship superiority
37
Q

People in committed relationships are more likely to accommodate their partners and repair their relationship.

A

Model of accommodation

38
Q

Passive destructive behaviors

A
  1. Neglect- allowing the situation to get worse

2. Punishment- balancing the relationship by evening the score (passive aggressive behaviors)

39
Q

Active destructive behaviors

A
  1. Exit- threats to leave

2. Antisocial communication- yelling,insults, seeking revenge

40
Q

Active constructive behaviors

A
  1. Voice- discussion and problem solving

2. Pro social communication- focus on re-establishing closeness and connection

41
Q

Passive constructive behaviors

A
  1. Loyalty- waiting for positive change
42
Q

Specific behaviors that people engage in to try and fix their relationship after they have done something wrong.

A

Remedial strategies

43
Q

Remedial strategies

A
  • apologies and concessions
  • appeasement
  • explanations (excuses & justifications)
  • denials
  • avoidance and evasion
  • relationship talk
44
Q

What is critical in repairing a relationship after a transgression has occurred?

A

Forgiveness

45
Q

Making a direct statement. (I forgive you)

A

Explicit forgiveness

46
Q

Emphasizes that the transgression was not that bad and that the other partner should not worry anymore.

A

Minimizing approach

47
Q

Forgiveness is contingent upon the partner’s behavior. (Relationship is more likely when forgiveness is conditional)

A

Conditional forgiveness

48
Q

Some relationships wither away due to different interests, decreased communication, distance, or competition. (Usually happens in friendships, can happen in marriages)

A

Atrophy (part of “growing apart”)

49
Q

Has less to do with how much money a couple makes, but more about how the money is managed.

A

Money as a reason for relationships ending

50
Q

May lead to violence, addiction, problems with the law, money, and work. Can also lead to codependency- letting partners behaviors greatly affect their own.

A

Alcohol and drugs as a reason for relationships ending

51
Q

The more two people have in common, the more likely they are to stay together.

A

Lack of similarity as a reason for relationships ending

52
Q

When people’s positive illusions about their partner and the relationships start to fade.

A

Relationship disillusionment (part of loss of love as to why relationships end)

53
Q

Looks at break-ups as a series of communication processes.

A

Duck’s model of relational dissolution

54
Q

Begins with one partner concluding “I can’t take it anymore” (cognitive threshold)

A

Intrapsychic processes phase

55
Q

Dissatisfied partners begin to communicate about negative thoughts and feelings with each other.

A

Dyadic processes phase

56
Q

Partners begin discussing the relationship with social networks.

A

Social processes phase

57
Q

Breakup is inevitable (cognitive threshold)

A

Grace-Dressing processes phase

58
Q

People start to visualize their future without relationship.

A

Resurrection processes phase

59
Q

What are Knapp’s five stages of the reversal hypothesis?

A
  1. Differentiating
  2. Circumscribing
  3. Stagnating
  4. Avoiding
  5. Terminating
60
Q

An alternative to stage theories.

A

Catastrophe theory

61
Q

What is part of the catastrophe theory?

A

Break-ups often precipitated by a critical event which leads to rapid disengagement.
(Infidelity, big argument, physical violence)

62
Q

Rely on face to face verbal communication vs. subtle, nonverbal communication.

A

Direct vs. indirect

63
Q

Involves one person deciding to break up vs. joint decision to break up

A

Unilateral vs. bilateral

64
Q

Pretends to be de-escalation but is really relational breakup.

A

Pseudo De-escalation

65
Q

Designed to lessen hurt feelings and make the other feel better about the break up. (Could use fatalism and can hold out false hope)

A

Positive tone

66
Q

Both partners realize that problems cannot be resolved and they would be better off parred.
(Works best for long-term couples)

A

Negotiated farewell

67
Q

Children of divorced parents are more likely to get divorced.

A

Intergenerstional transmission of divorce

68
Q

Personal growth by increased confidence, learning how to communicate in a relationship, concentrating on school or work, knowing what you want from future partners.

A

Positive outcomes

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