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Anatomy Chapter 13 > Ch. 13 Powerpoint > Flashcards

Ch. 13 Powerpoint Flashcards

1
Q

Neural Integration

A

spinal neurons recieve input from multiple sources, integrate it, and execute the appropriate output

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2
Q

where does the spinal cord start

A

foramen magnum of the skull

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3
Q

What are the two areas of enlargement in the spinal cord

A

Cervical enlargement and lumbrosacral enlargement

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4
Q

Cervical enlargement

A

nerves to upper limb

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5
Q

lumbrosacral enlargement

A

nerves to pelvic and power limbs

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6
Q

CSF is found where in the spinal cord

A

between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater

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7
Q

Lumbar puncture

A

sample of CSF

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8
Q

Grey Matter

A

site of information processing; synaptic integration

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9
Q

White matter

A

carries signals from one part of the CNS to another

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10
Q

Posterior horn

A

carries sensory information to spinal cord

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11
Q

lateral horn

A

contain neurons of sympathetic nervous system

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12
Q

anterior horn

A

carries motor fibers to skeletal muscle

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13
Q

Tracts

A

bundes of axons that course up and down the cord, providing communication between different levels of the CNS (White Matter)

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14
Q

Ascending tracts

A

carry sensory information up the spinal cord

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15
Q

descending tracts

A

carry motor information down the spinal cord

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16
Q

endoneurium

A

surrounds a signle nerve fiber

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17
Q

perineurium

A

wraps around fascicles of nerve fibers

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18
Q

epineurium

A

wraps around entire nerve

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19
Q

Schwann Cells

A

make mylin in the peripheral nervous system

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20
Q

Sensory (afferent) nerves

A

carry sensory info from receptors to CNS

21
Q

Motor (efferent) nerves

A

carry motor signals from CNS to muscles and glands

22
Q

Mixes Nerves

A

consists of both afferent and efferent nerves

23
Q

Ganglion

A

cluster of neurosomas outside of the CNS

24
Q

Poliomyelitis

A

-caused by poliovirus
- destruction of motor neurons

Symptoms:
-muscle weakness
-muscle pain
-loss of reflexes

*spreads via fecal contamination of water

25
Q

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

A

-destruction of motor neurons
-scarring of lateral regions of spinal cord

Symptoms:
-muscle weakness
-difficulty speaking, swallowing, and using hands

26
Q

How many spinal nerves

A

31

27
Q

Types of Proximal branches

A

posterior and anterior root

28
Q

Posterior root

A

sensroy input in to spinal cord

29
Q

anterior root

A

motor signal out of spinal cord

30
Q

Types of distal branches

A

anterior ramus, posterior ramus, meningeal branch

31
Q

anterior ramus

A

-in thoracic region gives rise to intercostal nerve
-forms plexuses in other regions

32
Q

posterior ramus

A

innervates muscles joints and the skin of the back

33
Q

Meningeal Branch

A

reenters vertebral canal and innervates meninges, vertebrae, and spinal ligaments

34
Q

Proprioception

A

brain recieves info about body position and movements form nerve endings in muscles, tendons, and joints

35
Q

Cervical plexus

A

supplies neck and phrenic nerve to diaphragm

36
Q

Brachial Plexus

A

supplies upper limb and some shoulder and neck

37
Q

Lumbar Plexus

A

supplies abdominal wall, anterior thigh, and genitalia

38
Q

Sacral Plexus

A

supplies lower trunk and lower limb

39
Q

Coccygeal Plexus

A

supplies levator ani, skin over coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament

40
Q

How much do dermatomes overlap

A

up to 50%

41
Q

you need to anesthetize ——- successive spinal nerves

A

three

42
Q

reflexes

A

quick, involuntary, stereotyped reactions of glands or muscles to stimulation

43
Q

Integrating Center

A

point of synaptic contact between neurons in grey matter or brainstem

44
Q

Proprioceptors

A

specialized organs that monitor the position and movement of body parts

45
Q

Muscle Spindles

A

inform brain of muscle length and body movement to allow it to send commands back to the muscles

46
Q

Stretch Reflex

A

when a muscle is stretched, it will then contract
-helps maintain equilibrium and posture

47
Q

Flexor Reflex

A

flexing to avoid injury from a dangerous stimuli

48
Q

crossed extension reflex

A

opposite limb extends during flexor reflex to maintain balance

49
Q

tendon reflex

A

inhibits muscle from contracting strongly when there is excessive tension on a tendon

Anatomy Chapter 13 (5 decks)

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