Ch 13 Principles Of Pharmocology

Question 1

Scientific study of how various substances interact with or alter the function of living organisms

Answer 1

Pharmacology

Question 2

What schedule drugs have no medical purpose & high abuse potential? Examples.

Answer 2

Schedule I - Heroin, LSD, peyote, marijuana

Question 3

What schedule drugs have a legitimate medical purpose as well as a high potential for abuse? Examples.

Answer 3

Schedule II -

A.) Opioids: Codeine, Fentanyl, Dilaudid, Morphine
B.) Stimulants: Adderall, Ritalin, Cocaine

Question 4

What schedule drugs have a lower potential for abuse than schedule III drugs? Examples.

Answer 4

Schedule IV: Xanax, Valium, Ativan

Question 5

What schedule drugs have lower potential for abuse than Schedule II drugs? Examples.

Answer 5

Schedule III

A.) Opiods: Tylenol w/Codeine
B.) Non-Opioids: Steroids, Ketamine

Question 6

What schedule drugs have a lower potential for abuse than Schedule IV drugs?

Answer 6

Schedule V drugs: Opioid cough medicine

Question 7

Atropine, ASA, Digoxin, & Morphine are derived from what?

Answer 7

Plants

Question 8

Heparin, Insulin, Thyroid meds, & antivenom are derived from what?

Answer 8

Animals

Question 9

Iron, Magnesium, Lithium, & Calcium are derived from what?

Answer 9

Minerals

Question 10

List different FORMS of medications.

Answer 10

Capsule
Tablet
Powder
Droplet
Suppository
Liquid
Skin Prep (Gel, Ointment, Paste)
Inhaler/Spray
Parental Solution (sterile solution for injection)

Question 11

The grouping to which a medication belongs.

Answer 11

Drug Class

Question 12

The medications effects on the body, as determined by Onset, Peak, & Duration.

Answer 12

Pharmacokinetics

Question 13

Strong evidence that supports the use of the procedure/medication, the benefit is greater than the risk, and the interventions should be performed/administered.

Answer 13

Class I

Question 14

Moderate evidence that the benefit is greater than the risk, the interventions is reasonable, and the interventions may be useful.

Answer 14

Class IIa

Question 15

Weak evidence that the benefit is greater than the risk, intervention may be considered.

Answer 15

Class IIb

Question 16

No benefit, evidence is weak, benefit equals the risk, and the interventions should not be performed/administered.

Answer 16

Class III

Question 17

There is strong evidence that the risk is greater than the benefit, the interventions should/procedure should not be performed.

Answer 17

Class III

Question 18

How a medication affects the body, how it alters or processes within the body

Answer 18

Pharmacodynamics

Question 20

Helps prevent Wernicke’s Encephalopathy. Without the Thiamine, alcoholics can’t metabolize the glucose.

Answer 20

Administering Thiamine prior to adm D50

Question 21

A neurologic disorder that may be exacerbated by the sudden adm of glucose

Answer 21

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

Question 22

thins and loosens mucus in the respiratory tract making it easier to cough up and expel

Answer 22

Expectorant/Mucolytic

Question 23

How many half lives does a drug have to go through

Answer 23

2

Question 24

The time needed in an average person for metabolism or elimination of 50% of a substance in the plasma.

Answer 24

Half Life

Question 25

Cells take out materials/waste

Answer 25

Exocytosis

Question 26

Cells bring in material/nutrients

Answer 26

Endocytosis

Question 27

Which organs are considered filtering organs?

Answer 27

Kidneys, spleen, lymph nodes

Question 28

The pressure exerted by the concentration of the solutes in a given space to stop the flow of solvent across a semipermeable membrane.

Answer 28

Osmotic Pressure

Question 29

When free water and particles such as sodium & potassium can pass through semipermeable membrane to equalize concentration of the water on each side of the membrane. Allows IV fluids to leave the IV space and enter tissues and cells.

Answer 29

Osmosis

Question 30

Giving repeated doses of a med within a short time frame, that rapidly causes tolerance, making the med ineffective.

Answer 30

Tachyphylaxis

Question 31

When repeated exposure to e medication within a particular class causes tolerance to other drugs in the same class.

Answer 31

Cross tolerance

Question 32

When a medication has a decreased efficacy or potency when taken repeatedly

Answer 32

Tolerance

Question 33

An abnormal tolerance to the adverse or therapeutic effects associated with a substance, from repeated exposure to certain medications or chemicals

Answer 33

Habituation

Question 34

System in the liver that uses a complex, enzyme based process to alter the chemical structure of a medication or other chemical. Can be influenced by other meds, chemicals, diet choices, altering the metabolism of certain groups of medications.

Answer 34

Cytochrome P-450

Question 35

Extracellular Fluid makes up how much TBW (includes plasma, lymph, interstitial fluid, transcellular fluid)?

Answer 35

37%

Question 36

Intracellular Fluid makes up how much TBW (body cell membranes)?

Answer 36

63%

Question 37

bind with heavy metals makes compound that is able to get through

Answer 37

Chelating agents

Question 38

The ability to initiate or alter cell activity in a therapeutic/desired manner

Answer 38

Efficacy

Question 39

The concentration of the medication required to initiate a cellular response

Answer 39

Potency

Question 40

Biotransformation- what is it? where does it occur?

Answer 40

How a drug is eliminated Liver

Question 41

The WAY in which a medication produces the intended response. Activation of certain receptors are activated and elicit a specific response by cells, tissues, organs, & body systems. One of 4 possible actions will occur: A) Channels permitting passage of ions in cell walls are opened or closed. B) A Biological chemical messenger becomes activated, initiating other chemical reactions within the cell C) A normal cell function is prevented. D) A normal or abnormal function of the cell begins (agonist/antiagonist)

Answer 41

Pharmacodynamics

Question 42

The body’s action on a medication. The meds effects on the body, est amount of time for med to enter body and begin taking effect (Onset), est amount of time for greatest effect (Peak), the amount of time the med will have any effect on the body (Duration)

Answer 42

Pharmacokinetics

Question 43

What info does a drug/med profile include

Answer 43

1.) Name 2.) Category/Class 3.) Indication/Use 4.) MOA/Pharmacodynamics 5.) Pregnancy Risk Factor 6.) Contraindications 7.) Available Forms 8.) Dosage 9.) Adm Considerations 10.) Potential incompatibilities 11.)Adverse Effects 12.) Pharmacokinetics

Question 44

Gas or fine mist for inhalation (Albuterol, Nitro Spray)

Answer 44

Inhaler/Spray

Question 45

Meds dissolved or suspended in liquid for oral consumption (Cough syrup, Tylenol)

Answer 45

Liquid

Question 46

Wax like material that dissolves in the rectum (Phenergan, Tylenol)

Answer 46

Suppository

Question 47

Gel, Ointment, paste for transdermal adm (Nitro, Fentayl patch)

Answer 47

Skin Prep

Question 48

Sterile solution for IV (Fentanyl, Epi)

Answer 48

Parenteral Solution

Question 49

Sterile solution or nonsterile liquid for direct adm to eye or ear (Afrin, Narcan)

Answer 49

Droplet

Question 50

Example of a powder

Answer 50

Glucagon

Question 51

Powdered or solid medication enclosed in a dissolvable gelatin shell (Tylenol, Motrin, Benadryl)

Answer 51

Capsule

Question 52

Solid Medication particles designed to swallow or dissolve (ASA, Nitro)

Answer 52

Tablets

Question 53

What schedule drugs do you have to have med control orders to adm?

Answer 53

Schedule II

Question 54

RESPONSIBLE FOR APPROVING NEW MEDICATIONS TO ENSURE SAFETY AND PURITY. APPROVES TRIALS AND STUDIES. DRUGS APPROVED BY FDA ARE NOT ALWAYS USED FOR THEIR INTENDED PURPOSE, EITHER THE INDICATION, DOSE, OR ROUTE CAN BE CHANGED. KNOWN AS “OFFLABEL” USE

Answer 54

FDA ACT

Question 55

Med formula calculations for men

Answer 55

Ideal Body Weight (kg) = 50 + 2.3 x’s pt’s height in inches over 5ft

Question 56

Med adm formula for women

Answer 56

Ideal Body Weight (kg) = 45.5 + 2.3 x’s pts height in inches over 5ft