ch. 13 terms

Question 1

? respond to touch, pressure, vibration, or stretch

Answer 1

mechanoreceptors

Question 2

? are sensitive to changes in temperature

Answer 2

thermoreceptors

Question 3

? respond to light energy for sight

Answer 3

Photoreceptors

Question 4

? respond to chemicals for smell, taste, or changes in blood chemistry

Answer 4

chemorecptors

Question 5

? respond to potentially damaging stimuli and are sensitive to pain- causing stimuli, such as extreme heat or cold, excessive pressure, or inflammatory chemicals

Answer 5

nociceptors

Question 6

? respond to stimuli arising outside body near or at body surface

Answer 6

exteroceptors

Question 7

? (visceroceptors) respond to stimuli arising in internal viscera and blood vessels and are sensitive to chemical changes, tissue stretching, or temperature changes

Answer 7

interoceptors

Question 8

? are located in and respond to stretch in skeletal muscles, tendons, joints, ligaments, and CT coverings of bones and muscles to inform the brain of one’s movements

Answer 8

Proprioceptors

Question 9

General senses include tactile sensations
1. ?
2. Pressure
3. Stretch
4. Vibration
5. ?
6. ?
7. Muscle sense

Answer 9

touch, temperature, pain

Question 10

? (free) nerve endings are found in
1. ? Receptors
2. Nociceptors
3. Tactile ?
4. Hair Follicle Receptors
Nonencapsulated (free) nerve endings are abundant in ? and CT

Answer 10

nonencapsulated, temperature, disc, epithelia

Question 11

Encapsulated (free) nerve endings include:
1. Tactile Corpuscles
2. Lamellar Corpuscles
3. ? Spindles
4. ? Organs
5. ? Receptors

Answer 11

muscle, tendon, joint

Question 11

 ? receptors are activated between 10 to 40C( 50 to 104ºF) and located in ? dermis
 ? receptors are activated between 32 to 48C( 90-118ºF) and located in ? dermis

Answer 11

cold, superficial, heat, deeper

Question 11

? discs function as light touch receptors and are located at the ? layer of epidermis

Answer 11

tactile, basal

Question 12

Nociceptors (Pain Receptors) are triggered by extreme ? changes, a pinch, or the release of chemicals from damaged tissue

Answer 12

temperature

Question 12

? ? receptors are free nerve endings that wrap around hair follicles and act as light ? receptors. they also detect the ? of hairs and allow you to feel a mosquito landing on your skin

Answer 12

hair follicle, touch, bending

Question 12

Optic nerve (II): Responsible for ?

Answer 12

vision

Question 13

Tactile corpuscles are small receptors involved in ? touch
*Tactile corpuscles found just below skin
*Tactile corpuscles are mostly in sensitive and ? areas

Answer 13

discriminative, hairless

Question 13

Lamellar corpuscles are large receptors that respond to deep pressure and ? then turn off (adapt rapidly)
Lamellar corpuscles located in ? dermis

Answer 13

vibration, deep

Question 14

Muscle ? are spindle-shaped proprioceptors within ? and respond to muscle ? and also initiate a reflex that resists stretch

Answer 14

spindles, perimysium, stretching

Question 15

? organs are proprioceptors located in tendons that detect ?

Answer 15

tendon, stretching

Question 16

? receptors are proprioceptors that monitor joint ? and motion

Answer 16

joint, positions

Question 16

? is the awareness (sensing) of changes
? is the conscious ? of those stimuli

Answer 16

sensation, perception, interpretation

Question 16

? of ? a protective mechanism where neurons release neurotransmitter substance P

Answer 16

perception, pain

Question 17

Two Types of Adaptation are
1. ? receptors
2. ? receptors

Answer 17

phasic, tonic

Question 17

Three basic levels of neural integration in sensory systems: 1. Processing at the ? level 2. Processing at the ? Level 3. Processing at the ? Level

Answer 17

receptor, circuit, perceptual

Question 17

olfactory nerve (I): responsible for

Answer 17

sense of smell

Question 17

Phasic receptors are sensory receptors for 1. Pressure 2. ? 3. ? 4. Temperature

Answer 17

touch, smell

Question 17

How the impulse is delivered to proper areas of the cerebral cortex: 1. ?-order sensory neurons 2. ?-order sensory neurons 3. ?-order sensory neurons to the ? cortex (perceptual level)

Answer 17

1st, 2nd, 3rd, somatosensory

Question 17

Examples are of tonic receptors are 1. ? 2. Most proprioceptors

Answer 17

nociceptors

Question 17

Sensory input interpreted in cerebral cortex 1. Perceptual detection- detects ? 2. Magnitude estimation- detects ? of stimulus by ? of impulses 3. Spatial discrimination- detects site and pattern of ? 4. Quality discrimination- ability to ? in specific details 5. Pattern recognition- ability to recognize ? and ? patterns

Answer 17

stimulus, intensity, frequency, stimulation, differentiate, familiar, unfamiliar

Question 18

? pain results from stimulation of visceral organ receptors and is felt as vague aching, gnawing, or ? and is activated by 1. ? stretching 2. Ischemia 3. irritating chemicals 4. Muscle ?

Answer 18

visceral, burning, tissue, spasm

Question 18

Two types of Ganglia 1. ? root ganglia = sensory neurons 2. Ganglia in ? system between = preganglionic motor neurons and postganglionic motor neurons

Answer 18

dorsal, ANS

Question 18

 Endoneurium is CT that encloses ? and their ? sheaths  Perineurium is CT that bundles fibers into ?  Epineurium is tough fibrous sheath around all ? to form the ?

Answer 18

axons, myelin, fascicles, fascicles, nerve

Question 18

oculomotor nerves (III) are responsible for

Answer 18

eye movement

Question 18

? pain is pain from one body region perceived as coming from a different region

Answer 18

referred

Question 19

trochlear nerves (4) are responsible for

Answer 19

eye movement

Question 19

12 cranial nerves mnemonic: “Oh, Oh, Oh, To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet, AHhhh” name them:

Answer 19

olfactory (1), optic (2), oculomotor (3), trochlear (4), trigeminal (5), abducens (6), facial (7), vestibulocochlear (8), glossopharyngeal (9), vagus (10), accessory (11), hypoglossal (12)

Question 20

glossopharyngeal nerve (9) are responsible for

Answer 20

taste and swallowing

Question 20

abducens (6) nerves control ? ? movements

Answer 20

lateral, eye

Question 20

accessory nerves (11) aids in the movement of the ?, ?

Answer 20

sternocleidomastoid, trapezius

Question 20

trigeminal nerve (5) are responsible for helping the face feel ?, and ?

Answer 20

pain, sensation

Question 20

facial nerves (7) allow for facial ?, ? functions and taste

Answer 20

expressions, sensory

Question 20

hypoglossal nerves (12) controls the muscles that enable ? movement

Answer 20

tongue

Question 20

vestibulocochlear nerves (8) are responsible for

Answer 20

hearing and balance

Question 20

vagus nerves (10) regulates activities of ?,?, and abdominal viscera

Answer 20

heart, lungs

Question 20

in order: mnemonic for Can The Lion Sit Comfortably? ? pairs of ? nerves ? pairs of ? nerves ? pairs of ? nerves ? pairs of ? nerves ? pair of tiny ? nerves

Answer 20

8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 saccral, 1coccygeal

Question 20

? nerve -Longest and thickest nerve of body -Innervates most muscles in ? and foot ? nerve in upper limb -provides motor and ? functions to arm -funny bone

Answer 20

sciatic, leg, ulnar, sensory

Question 20

Spinal reflexes 1. Stretch - upright, ? neurons, patellar/knee-jerk reflex 2. Flexor - initiated by painful stimulus, ? neurons, minimize tissue damage, ? reflex

Answer 20

2, 3, withdrawal

Question 20

components of reflex arc are: 1. ? 2. sensory (afferent) neuron 3. ? center 4. motor (efferent) neuron 5. ?

Answer 20

receptor, integration, effector