final review Flashcards
(150 cards)
1
Q
the atlas is ? to the coccyx
A
superior
2
Q
the breakdown of glucose to ATP by a cell is an example of ?
A
catabolism
3
Q
70 percent of all sensory receptors are located in the
A
eyes
4
Q
molecule that contains our genetic info and remains in the nucleus of the cell during normal cellular activity is
A
DNA
5
Q
the maintenance of a constant and optimal internal environment in an organism to sustain life is called (steady stable state)
A
homeostasis
6
Q
pH>7 is called
A
basic/ alkaline
7
Q
structure in sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is found is the
A
sella turcica
8
Q
the inferior lateral bones of the cranial skull are the ? bones
A
temporal
9
Q
medial lower arm bone-?
lateral lower leg bone-?
A
ulna, fibula
10
Q
a cut the divides a structure into left and right halves is a ? plane
A
sagittal
11
Q
polysaccharide formed by monomers of glucose are ?, ?, ?
A
starch, glycogen, cellulose
12
Q
the epidural space contains ? tissue and ? ?
A
adipose, blood vessels
13
Q
if you’re getting a limb amputated what type of plane will a surgeon perform
A
transverse
14
Q
layer of skin that contains melanocytes
A
epidermis
15
Q
layer of skin that contains stratified squamous ET
A
epidermis
16
Q
layer of skin that helps maintain body temp
A
hypodermis
17
Q
layer of skin that contains collagen and elastic fibers
A
dermis
18
Q
membrane located on surface of lung
A
visceral pleura
19
Q
sequence for muscle contraction
A
motor neuron, AP, neurotransmitter release, muscle cell AP, release of calcium ions from the SR, ATP-driven power stroke, sliding of myofilaments
20
Q
system that eliminates waste, maintains BP, electrocytes, and acid-base balance is the ?
A
urinary
21
Q
T/F: interneurons are found only in the PNS
A
false
22
Q
which cells break bone down
A
osteoclasts
23
Q
an atom that has gained 1+ electrons and now has a negative charge is an
A
anion
24
Q
T/F: enzymes are changed by the reaction
A
false
25
an example of positive feedback mechanisms would be enhancement of ? ?
labor contractions
26
movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to lower w/o energy is
diffusion
27
when lifting your foot toward your shin, this is an example of
dorsiflexion
28
a burn that penetrates the epidermis/dermis is a
2nd-degree burn
29
acc to the sliding filament model of a muscle contraction, what happens to the actin and myosin filaments?
the overlap/move over each other
30
decrease in muscle size due to lack of use is
muscle atrophy
31
if u tap your heel on the floor, which bone is affected
calcaneal
32
in a solution the ? is broken apart by the ?
solute, solvent
33
the most abundant compound in the body is
water
34
the gallbladder is in the ? ? quadrant
right upper
35
tissue that contains triglycerides is
adipose
36
what muscle cells have striations
cardiac and skeletal
37
the parietal peritoneum is an example of a ? membrane
serous
38
if the epidermis contains 5 stratums then it comes from the ? and ?
hands, feet
39
carbs are stored in the liver and skeletal muscles in the form of
glycogen
40
a muscle that works w another to produce the same movement is a
synergist
41
bundles of muscle fibers are
fascicles
42
number of ATP produced in cellular respiration
32 ATP
43
when hydrostatic pressure forces water and dissolved solutes across selectively permeable membranes, this is called
osmosis
44
T/F: a 5% dextrose solution will cause a red blood cell to swell so it would be a hypertonic solution.
false
45
T/F: the rectus femoris is a muscle of the hamstring.
false
46
T/F: a water cell in a molasses solution is an example of osmosis.
true
47
the tissue lining the lumen of the trachea is
ciliated pseudostratified columnar ET
48
Vitamin ? is fat-soluble, produced in the skin on exposure to UV radiation, and vital for normal bone growth and function.
D
49
decreasing the angle of a joint is
flexion
50
moving a limb away from the midline is
abduction
51
regulation of body temp, food intake, and thirst are functions of the
hypothalamus
52
T/F: the mandibulary sinus is a paranasal sinus.
false
53
5 basic comp. of a reflex arc in order
receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector
54
? neurons carry instructions from the receptors to the CNS
sensory
55
the myelin sheaths that surround axons of some neurons in the PNS are formed by
Schwann cell/ neurilemmocytes
56
the major cells located in the lacunae of costal cartilage are
chondrocytes
57
T/F: a neurotransmitter is a chemical released by a neuron that may, upon binding to specific receptors of other cells, stimulate or inhibit the other cells.
true
58
levels of organization from simple to complex:
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal
59
when u smile ur using your ? ? muscle
zygomaticus major
60
the passageway that drains the aqueous humor into the circulatory system is the ?
scleral venous sinus
61
nucleic acid w uricil
RNA
62
genetic and double stranded nucleic acid
DNA
63
stage of mitosis where the chromosomes line up along the midline/equator
metaphase
64
the cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers are located in the
medulla oblongata
65
T/F: increased sympathetic stimulation decreases the heart rate.
false
66
Transcription is
When mRNA copies a portion of a strand of the DNA molecule
67
most of the ATP required to power cellular respiration is produced in the
mitohondria
68
there are ? pairs of cranial nerves
12
69
the elbow joint is a ? joint
diarthrotic
70
T/F: the secondary center of endochondral ossification occurs in the diaphysis of the long bone.
false
71
which muscles are fan-shaped?
convergent
72
T/F: rods are the photoreceptors in ur retina that are sensitive to bright light and help you to see sharp edges and color.
false
73
T/F: in a 2nd degree burn the hypodermis is damaged.
false
74
say the correct opposite strand for this strand: TGCCATACCGTA
ACGGTATGGCAT
75
what gland has a duct (which one) that empties into the hair follicle?
sebaceous and apocrine
76
T/F: CSF is located in the central canal, pia mater, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, and ventricles of the brain.
true
77
the membrane channel that surrounds myofibril like a sleeve and stores calcium is the
sarcoplasmic reticulum
78
the densest concentration of cones and the sharpest vision is located in the
fovea centralis
79
the structural organization of a muscle from small 2 large is:
actin and myosin, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle, muscle
80
? is the structural and functional unit of spongy bone
trabeculae
81
the pancreas is in the ? cavity
abdominal
82
name the meninges from inside out
pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater
83
if tRNA had an AGC anticodon, it would attach to an ??? mRNA codon
UCG
84
T/F: in a dehydration synthesis you add water.
false
85
T/F: producing blood cells is a part of the function of the muscular system
false
86
the layer of the epidermis that is dead and keratinized is the stratum
corneum
87
give the correct strand of nucleotides that will form a new strand TACGTCACTGTA
AUGCAGUGACAU
88
T/F: mucous membranes line cavities that open to the outside.
true
89
a codon codes for one
amino acid
90
T/F: in RMP there are more K+ ions outside than inside.
false
91
functions of the skeletal system are storage of minerals, protection, ? ? formation, and storage of fats.
blood cell
92
structures that bind bone to bone
ligaments
93
most abundant protein in the body
collagen
94
most ATP is made in the ? ? ? during cellular respiration
ETC
95
fastest system in body
nervous
96
T/F: the acetabulum and calcaneus are apart of the appendicular skeleton.
true
97
the branch of biological science that studies the function of organs and their systems is called
physiology
98
when picking something up you encounter an isometric contraction. this causes the ? ? muscle to develop tension and ? movement occurs
biceps brachii, no
99
intercalated discs are characteristics of ? muscle
cardiac
100
is blinking a reflex?
yes
101
if an atom has 15 protons, how many electrons are on the valence shell
5
102
melanocytes in the hair follicle cause ? ?
hair color
103
synapse between a nerve fiber and a muscle fiber is described as a
neuromuscular junction
104
the temporal bones are ? to the foramen magnum
lateral
105
loss of stimulation in a muscle after prolonged use is
muscle fatigue
106
when sodium channels open and sodium ions rush into the neuron the neuron become
depolarized
107
at rest the active sites on actin are blocked by
tropomyosin molecules
108
the building blocks of phospholipids are
glycerol, 2 fatty acids, a phosphate
109
the thumb is called the
pollex
110
? is the movement of a liquid into a cell by engulfment
pinocytosis
111
when the arrector pili muscle contracts it is due to hot, cold, and it causes
goosebumps and hair stands up
112
T/F: the carpometacarpal joint of the thumbs are a type of saddle joint.
true
113
functions of the integument system are protection, excretion of salts, synthesis of vitamin ?, and maintenance of body ?
d, temp
114
T/F: the function of epithelial tissue is to store fat.
false
115
T/F: the point of attachment for the dura mater of the brain to the sphenoid bone is the crista galli.
false
116
if a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution what will happen
water will enter cell and cause it to swell
117
T/F: the uterus is only found in women.
ture
118
T/F: with a bipennate m, the fascicles insert the tendon on 1 side.
false
119
the uterus is ? to the urinary bladder
superior
120
cranial and spinal nerves are in which NS
PNS
121
T/F: glucose is an organic compund
true
122
T/F: smooth and cardiac m, and glands are the effectors for the SNS
false
123
T/F: the func. of CT is to store minerals, store ?, bind and connect, and ? substances within the body
energy, transport
124
pointing ur toe is an example of
plantar flexion
125
during a muscle fiber contraction the ? and ? stay the same length and the ? shortens
actin, myosin, sarcomere
126
the medullary cavity in an adult contains ? bone marrow
yellow
127
simple sq. ET is found in the alveoli of lungs, ? vessels, and ?
lymphatic, capillaries
128
the most superficial part of the body is the
skin
129
the ACL prevents ? of the knees
hyperextension
130
oily secretions are discharged by ? glands
sebaceous
131
T/F: cells in the PNS that play a role in the regulation of the blood brain barrier are astrocytes.
false
132
the blind spot is the
optic disc
133
tissue for the conduction of electrical impulses is ? tissue
nervous
134
the paranasal sinuses drain into the ? cavity
nasal
135
name the 2 involuntary muscles
smooth and cardiac
136
muscle to bone is
tendon
137
the primary visual cortex is located at the ? lobe
occipital
138
the stratum ? is closest to the nutrient supply
basale
139
when there is no oxygen present in the muscle cell, pyruvic acid is converted into
lactic acid
140
is a neuron apart of the NS?
no
141
T/F: a buffer is a compound that stabilizes the pH of a solution by removing or replacing hydrogen ions.
true
142
structure in ear that equalizes pressure is the
pharyngotympanic tube
143
chewing is an example of ? and ?
elevation and depression
144
? nerve regulates activities of heart, lungs, and abdominal viscera
vagus
145
strongest chemical bonds are the
covalent bonds
146
cytokinesis begins during
anaphase
147
T/F: humans need CO2 for survival
false
148
the cranial sulcus separates the primary ? cortex from the primary ? cortex
motor, somatosensory
149
bone marking name that indicates an armlike bar of a bone
ramus
150
T/F: bitter taste comes from acids
false
