Ch 13 the Central Nervous System - Basal Nuclei and Brain Stem

Question 1

basal nuclei (ganglia)

Answer 1

masses of grey matter found deep within the cortical white matter
function is generally motor (“master of motor system)
dopamine has significant role in function

Question 2

basal nuclei deficits

Answer 2

presence of extraneous unwanted movement
absence or difficulty with intended movement

Question 3

diencephalon

Answer 3

central core of forebrain
three paired structures - thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

Question 4

thalamus

Answer 4

“grand central station for sensory information”

Question 5

thalamic function

Answer 5

afferent impulses from all senses (except olfaction) converge and synapse
impulses are sorted, edited and relayed as a group
plays key roll in mediating sensation, motor activities, cortical arousal, learning, memory

Question 6

hypothalamus

Answer 6

regulates BP, RR, force of heart beat, digestive tract mobility, depth of breathing, many other visceral activities
involved w perception of pleasure, fear, rage
controls mechanisms needed to maintain normal body temp
regulates feeling of hunger and satiety
regulates sleep cycle

Question 7

epithalamus

Answer 7

contains pineal gland - secretes melatonin
contains choroid plexus - secretes CSF

Question 8

limbic system

Answer 8

composed of amygdala, cingulate gyrus, and hippocampus

Question 9

amygdala

Answer 9

deals with anger, danger, and fear responses

Question 10

cingulate gyrus

Answer 10

plays roll in expressing emotions via gestures, resolves mental conflict, allows shifting of attention, gives the ability to see options, helps you go withthe flow, cooperation

Question 11

hippocampus

Answer 11

memory

Question 12

reticular formation

Answer 12

has far flung connections w hypothalamus, thalamus, cerebrum, and spinal cord
controls brain arousal

Question 13

brain stem

Answer 13

consists of midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
controls autonomic behaviors necessary for survival

Question 14

midbrain

Answer 14

consists of cerebral peduncles and cerebral aqueducts

Question 15

cerebral peduncle

Answer 15

two bulging structures that contain descending pyramidal motor tracts
path motor neurons take

Question 16

cerebral aqueduct

Answer 16

hollow tube that connects third and fourth ventricles

Question 17

midbrain nuclei

Answer 17

corpora quadrigemina, substantia nigra, red nucleus

Question 18

corpora quadrigemina

Answer 18

four dome like protrusions of dorsal midbrain
superior colliculi - visual reflex centers
inferior colliculi - auditory reflex centers

Question 19

substantia nigra

Answer 19

functionally linked to basal nuclei

Question 20

red nucleus

Answer 20

largest nucleus of reticular formation - relay nuclei for some descending motor pathways

Question 21

pons

Answer 21

connect higher brain centers and spinal cord
relay impulses between motor cortex and cerebellum

Question 22

medulla oblongata

Answer 22

medulla nuclei
cardiovascular control center - adjusts force and rate or heart contraction
respiratory control center - controls RR, depth of breathing
small lesions can have devastating effects
lizard brain

Question 23

cerebelllum

Answer 23

provides precise timing and appropriate patters of skeletal muscle contraction (fille cabinet of muscle movements)
activity occurs subconsciously

Question 24

cerebellar processing

Answer 24

cerebellar cortex calculates the best way to perform a movement
a “blueprint” of coordinated movement is sent to the cerebral motor cortex
pathways are ipsilateral

Question 25

cerebellar cognitive function

Answer 25

seems to play a roll in any activity that involves sequential planning
recognizes and predicts sequences of events