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Medical Terminology > Ch. 13 The Urinary System > Flashcards

Ch. 13 The Urinary System Flashcards

(127 cards)

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1
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

A

a hormone released from the pituitary gland that causes water reabsorption in the kidneys, thus concentrating the urine

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2
Q

Angiotensin

A

a substance that increases blood pressure; activated in the blood by renin, an enzyme produced by the kidneys

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3
Q

Calyx

A

a cup like cavity in the pelvis of the kidney; also calix (plural: calices)

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4
Q

Diuresis

A

Excretion of urine; usually meaning increased urinary excretion

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5
Q

Diurertic

A

a substance that increases the excretion of urine; pertaining to diuresis

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6
Q

Erythropoietin (EPO)

A

a hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulate red blood cell production in the bone marrow

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7
Q

Glomerular Capsule

A

the cup shaped structure at the beginning of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and receive material filtered out of the blood; Bowman Capsule

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8
Q

Glomerular Filtrate

A

the fluid and dissolved materials that filter out of the blood and enter the nephron through the glomerular capsule

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9
Q

Glomerulus

A

the cluster of capillaries within the glomerular capsule (plural: glomeruli)

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10
Q

Kidney

A

an organ excretion; the two kidneys filter the blood and form urine, which contains metabolic waste products and other substances as needed to regulate water, electrolyte and pH balance of body fluids

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11
Q

Micturition

A

the voiding of urine; urination

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12
Q

Nephron

A

a microscopic functional unit of the kidney; working with blood vessels, the nephron filters the blood and balances the composition of urine

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13
Q

Renal Cortex

A

the kidneys outer portion; contains portions of the nephrons

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14
Q

Renal Medulla

A

the kidney’s inner portion; contains portions of the nephrons and ducts that transport urine toward the renal pelvis

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15
Q

Renal Pelvis

A

the expanded upper end of the ureter that receives urine from the kidney; Greek root Pyel

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16
Q

Renal Pyramid

A

a triangular structure in the renal medulla; composed of nephrons’ loops and collecting ducts

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17
Q

Renin

A

an enzyme produced by the kidneys that activates angiotensin in the blood

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18
Q

Trigone

A

a triangle at the base of the bladder formed by openings of two ureters and the urethra

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19
Q

Tubular Reabsorption

A

the return of substances from the glomerular filtrate to the blood through the peritubular capillaries

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20
Q

Urea

A

the main nitrogenous waste product in the urine

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21
Q

Ureter

A

the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder

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22
Q

Urethra

A

the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

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23
Q

Urinary Bladder

A

the organ that stores and eliminates urine excreted by the kidneys

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24
Q

Urination

A

the voiding of urine

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25
Urine
the fluid excreted by the kidneys. It consists of water, electrolytes, urea, other metabolic wastes, and pigments. A variety of other substances may appear in urine in cases of disease
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ren/o
kidney
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suprarenal
above the kidney
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nephr/o
kidney
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nephrosis
any noninflammatory disease condition of the kidney
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glomerul/o
glomerulus
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juxtaglomerular
near the glomerulus
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pyel/o
renal pelvis
33
pyelectasis
dilation of the renal pelvis
34
cali/o, calic/o
calyx
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caliceal
pertaining to a renal calyx (note addition of e); also spelled calyceal
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ur/o
urine, urinary tract
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urosepsis
generalized infection that originates in the urinary tract
38
urin/o
urine
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nocturia
urination during the night
40
ureter/o
ureter
41
ureterostenosis
narrowing of the ureter
42
cyst/o
urinary bladder
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vesic/o
urinary bladder
44
intravesical
within the urinary bladder
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urethr/o
urethra
46
urethrotome
instrument for incising the urethra
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lithiasis
presence of stones
48
Acidosis
excessive acidity of body fluids
49
bacteriuria
presence of bacteria in the urine
50
cast
a solid mold of renal tubule found in the urine
51
Cystitis
inflammation of the urinary bladder, usually as a result of a infection
52
Dysuria
painful or difficult urination
53
Glomerulonephristis
inflammation if the kidney primarily involving the glomeruli. the acute form usually occurs after an infection elsewhere in the body; the chronic form varies in cause and usually leads to renal failure
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hematuria
presence of blood in the urine
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hydronephrosis
collection of urine in the renal pelvis caused by obstruction; results in distention and renal atrophy
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hypokalemia
deficient of potassium in the blood
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hyponatremia
deficiency of sodium in the blood
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nephrotic syndrome
condition that results from glomerular damage leading to loss of protein in the urine (proteinuria). There is low plasma protein, edema, and increased blood lipids as the liver releases lipoproteins. Also called nephrosis
59
oliguria
elimination of small amounts of urine
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proteinuria
presence of protein, mainly albumin, in the urine
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pyelonephritis
inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney, usually caused by infection
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pyuria
presence of pus in the urine
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renal colic
radiating pain in the region of the kidney associated with the passage of a stone
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uremia
presence of toxic levels of urea and other nitrogenous substances in the blood as a result of renal insufficiency
65
urethritis
inflammation of the urethra, usually due to infection
66
urinary stasis
stoppage of urine flow; urinary stagnation
67
Catheterization
introduction of a tube into a passage, such as through the urethra in the bladder for withdrawal of urine
68
Cystoscope
an instrument for examining the interior of the urinary bladder. Also used for removing foreign objects, for surgery and for other forms of treatment
69
Dialysis
separation of substances by passage through a semipermeable membrane. Dialysis is used to rid the body of unwanted substances when the kidneys are impaired or missing. The two form of dialysis are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
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Hemodialysis
removal of unwanted substances from the blood by passage through a semi-permenable membrane
71
intravenous pyelography (IVP)
intravenous urography
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intravenous urography (IVU)
radiographic visualization of the urinary tract after intravenous administration of a contrast medium that is excreted in the urine; also called excretory urography or intravenous pyelography, although the latter is less accurate because the procedure shows more than just the renal pelvis
73
lithotripsy
crushing of a stone
74
peritoneal dialysis
removal of unwanted substance from the body by introduction of a dialyzing fluid into the peritoneal cavity followed by removal of the fluid
75
retrograde pyelography
Pyelography in which the contrast medium is injected into the kidneys from below, by the way of the ureters
76
Specific Gravity (SG)
the weight of a substance compared with the weight of an equal volume of water. The specific gravity of normal urine ranges from 1.015 to 1.025. This value may increase or decrease in disease
77
Urinalysis (UA)
laboratory study of the urine. Physical and chemical properties and microscopic appearance are included
78
Cystectomy
surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder
79
ileal conduit
diversion of urine by connection of the ureters to an isolated segment of the ileum. One end of the segment is sealed and the other drains through an opening in the abdominal wall. A procedure used when the bladder is removed or nonfunctional. Also called ileal bladder
80
lithotomy
incision of an organ to remove a stone (calculus)
81
renal transplantation
surgical implantation of a donor kidney into a patient
82
Aldosterone
a hormone secreted by the adrenal gland that regulates electrolyte excretion by the kidneys
83
Clearance
the volume of plasma that the kidneys can clear of a substance per unit of time; renal plasma clearance
84
Creatinine
a nitrogenous byproduct of muscle metabolism. An increase in blood creatine is a sign of renal failure
85
Detrusor Muscle
the muscle in the bladder wall
86
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
the amount of filtrate formed per minute by both kidneys
87
Maximal Transport Capacity (Tm)
the maximum rate at which a given substance can be transported across the renal tubule; tubular maximum
88
Renal Corpuscle
the glomerular capsule and the glomerulus considered as a unit; the filtration device of the kidney
89
anuresis
lack of urination
90
anuria
lack of urine formation
91
azotemia
presence of increased nitrogenous waste, especially urea, in the urine
92
azoturia
presence of increased nitrogenous compounds, especially urea in the urine
93
Cystocele
herniation of the bladder into the vagina; vesicocele
94
dehydration
excessive loss of body fluids
95
enuresis
involuntary urination, usually at night; end wetting
96
epispadias
a congenital condition in which the urethra opens on the dorsal surface of the penis as a groove or cleft; anaspadias
97
glycosuria
presence of glucose in the urine, as in case of diabetes mellitus
98
hydroureter
distention of the ureter with urine due to obstruction
99
hypospadias
a congenital condition in which the urethra opens on the undersurface of the penis or into the vagina
100
Nocturia
excessive urination at night
101
Polycystic Kidney Disease
a hereditary condition in which the kidneys are enlarged and contain many cysts
102
Polydipsia
excessive thirst
103
Polyuria
elimination of large amounts of urine; as in diabetes mellitus
104
Retention of urine
accumulation of urine in the baller because of an inability to urinate
105
urererocele
a cyst-like dilation of the ureter near its opening into the bladder
106
urinary frequency
a need to urinate often without an increase in average output
107
urinary incontinence
inability to retain urine; may originate with a nuerologic disorder; trauma to the spinal cord, weakness of the pelvic muscles, urinary retention, or impaired bladder function. In urgency incontinence, an urge causes sudden urination before one has enough time to reach a bathroom. In stress continence, urine leaks during forceful activity such as sneezing, coughing, or exercise
108
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea. An increase in BUN indicates an increase in nitrogenous waste products in the blood and renal failure
109
Urinometer
device for measuring the specific gravity of urine
110
ACE
Angiotensin-converting Enzyme
111
ADH
Antidiueretic hormone
112
ARF
Acute Renal Failure
113
ATN
Acute Tubular Necrosis
114
BUN
Blood Urea Nitrogen
115
CRF
Chronic Renal Failure
116
EPO
Erythropoietin
117
ESRD
End Renal Stage Renal Disease
118
ESWL
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy
119
GFR
Glomerular Filtration Rate
120
GU
Genitourinary
121
K
Potassium
122
KUB
Kidney-Ureter-Bladder
123
Na
Sodium
124
PEP
Protein Electrophoresis
125
SG
Specific Gravity
126
UA
Urinalysis
127
UTI
Urinary Tract Infection

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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