Ch. 15 The Female Reproductive System; Pregnancy & Birth Flashcards
Cervix
Neck. Usually means the lower narrow portion (neck) of the uterus
Clitoris
a small erectile body anterior to the urethral opening that is similar in origin to the penis
Contraception
the prevention of pregnancy
Corpus Lutem
the small yellow structure that develops from the ovarian follicle after ovulation and secretes progesterone and estrogen
Cul-de-sac
a blind pouch, such as the recess between the rectum and the uterus
Endometrium
the inner lining of the uterus
Estrogen
a group of hormones that produce female characteristics and prepare the uterus for the fertilized egg. The most active of these is estradiol
Fallopian Tube
Uterine tube
Fimbriae
the long finger like extensions of the uterine tube that wave to capture the released ovum
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that acts on the gonads. In the female it stimulates ripening of ova in the ovary
Fornix
an arch like space, such as the space between the uppermost wall of the vagina and the cervix
Labia Majora
two large folds of skin that form the sides of the vulva
Labia Minora
two small folds of skin within the labia majora
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that acts on the gonads. In the female, it stimulates ovulation and corpus luteum formation
Mammary Gland
a specialized gland capable of secreting milk in the female
Menarche
the first menstrual period
Menopause
Cessation of menstrual Cycles in the female
Menstruation
the cyclic discharge of blood and mucosal tissues from the lining of the non pregnant uterus
Myometrium
the muscular wall of the uterus
Ovarian Follicle
the cluster of cells in which the ovum ripens in the ovary
Ovary
a female gonad
Ovulation
the release of a mature ovum from the ovary
Ovum
the female gamete or reproductive cell
Perineum
the region between the thighs from the external genitalia to the anus
Progesterone
a hormone produced by corpus luteum and the placenta that maintains the endometrium for pregnancy
Tubal ligation
surgical constriction of the uterine tubes to produce sterilization
uterine tube
a tube extending from the upper lateral portion of the uterus that carries the ovum to the uterus. Also called fallopian
Uterus
the organ that receives the fertilized egg and maintains the developing offspring during pregnancy
Vagina
the muscular tube between the cervix and the vulva
Vulva
the external female genital organs
Gyn/o, Gynec/o
woman
Gynecology
study of women’s disease
men/o, mens
month, menstruation
premenstrual
before a menstrual period
oo
ovum, egg cell
ov/o, ovul/o
ovum, egg cell
ovari/o
ovary
oophor/o
ovary
oocyte
cell that gives rise to an ovum
anovulatory
absence of egg ripening of ovulation
ovariopexy
surgical fixation of an ovary
oophorectomy
excision of an ovary
salping/o
uterine tube
salpingoplasty
plastic repair of a uterine tube
uter/o
uterus
intrauterine
within the uterus
metr/o, mert/i
uterus
metrorrhea
abnormal uterine discharge
hyster/o
uterus
hysterotomy
incision of the uterus
cervic/o
cervix, neck
vagin/o
vagina
colp/o
vagina
vaginometer
instrument of measuring the vagina
colpostenosis
narrowing of the vagina
vulv/o
vulva
vulvar
pertaining to the vulva
episi/o
vulva
episiotomy
incision of the vulva
perine/o
perineum
clitor/o, clitorid/o
clitoris
mamm/o
breast, mammary gland
mast/o
breast, mammary gland
perineal
pertaining to the perineum
clitorectomy
excision of the clitoris
amastia
absence of breasts
Candidiasis
infection with the fungus Candida, a common cause of vaginitis
Dysmenorrhea
painful or difficult menstration
Endometriosis
growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus usually in the pelvic cavity
Fibroid
benign tumor of smooth muscle
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Condition caused by the spread of infection from the reproductive tract into the pelvic cavity. Commonly caused by STD gonorrhea and Chlamydia infections
Salpingitis
inflammation of a uterine tube; typically caused by unitary tract infection or sexually transmitted infection. Chronic salpingitis may lead to infertility or topic pregnancy
Vaginitis
inflammation of the vagina
Colposcope
instrument for examining the vagina and cervix
Cone Biopsy
removal of a cone of tissue from the cervical lining for cytologic examination; also called conization
Dilation and Curettage
procedure in which the cervix is dilated and the uterine lining is scraped with a curette
Hysterectomy
surgical removal of the uterus
mammography
radiographic study of the breast for the detection of breast cancer
Mastectomy
excision of the breast tissue to eliminate malignancy
oophorectomy
excision of an ovary
Pap Smear
study of cells collected from the cervix and vagina for early detection of cancer
Salpingectomy
surgical removal of the uterine tube
Areola
a pigmented ring such as the dark area around the nipple of the breast
Graafian Follicle
a mature ovarian follicle
Greater Vestibular Gland
a small mucus secreting gland on the side of the vestibule near the vaginal opening. Also called Bartholin gland
Hymen
a fold of mucous membrane that partially covers the entrance of the vagina
Mons Pubis
the rounded, fleshy elevation anterior to the pubic joint that is covered with hair after puberty
oocyte
a immature ovum
Perimenopause
the period immediately before menopause; begins at the time of irregular menstrual cycles and ends one years after the last menstrual period; average 3-4 years
Vestibule
the space between the labia minor that contains the openings of the urethra, vagina, and ducts of the greater vestibular glands
Dyspareunia
Pain during sexual intercourse
Fibrocystic Disease of the breast
a condition in which there are palpable lumps in the breasts, usually associated with pain and tenderness. These lumps or “thickenings” change with the menstrual cycle and must be distinguished from malignant tumors by diagnostic methods
Hirsutism
excess hair growth
Leucorrhea
white or yellowish discharge from the vagina. Infection and other disorders may change the amount, color, or odor of the discharge
Rectocele
Herniation of the rectum into the wall of the vagina
Culdocentesis
puncture of the vaginal wall to sample fluid from the rectouterine space for diagnosis
Episiorrhapy
Suture of the vulva or suture of the perineum cut in an episiotomy
Laparscopy
endoscopic examination of the abdomen; may include surgical procedures, such as tubal ligation
Myomectomy
Surgical removal of a uterine leiomyoma
Speculum
an instrument used to enlarge the opening of passage or cavity to allow examination
Teletheraphy
Delivery of radiation to a tumor from an external beam source, as compared to implantation of radioactive material or systematic administration of a radionuclide
BRCA1
Breast cancer gene 1
BRCA2
Breast Cancer Gene 2
BSE
Breast Self Examination
DUB
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
FSH
Follicle-Stimulating hormone
GC
Gonococcuss (cause of Gonorrhea)
GYN
Gynecology
HPV
Human Papillomavirus
HRT
Hormone Replacement Theraphy
IUD
Intrauterine Device
LH
Luteinizing hormone
NGU
Nongonococcal Urethritis
PID
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
PMS
Premenstrual syndrome
STD
Sexually Transmitted Disease
STI
Sexually Transmitted Infection
TSS
Toxic Shock Syndrome
VD
Venereal Disease
Amniotic Sac
the membranous sac filled with fluid that holds the fetus; also called amnion
Apgar Score
A system of rating an infant’s physical condition immediately after birth.
Chorion
the outermost layer of the embryo that, with the endometrium, forms the placenta (adj: chorionic)
Ductus Arteriosus
a fetal blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery with the descending aorta, thus allowing blood to bypass the lungs.
Embryo
the stage in development between the zygote and the fetus, extending from the second through the eighth week of growth in the uterus
Fertilization
the union of an ovum and a spermatozoon
Fetus
the developing child in the uterus from the third month to birth
Foramen Ovale
a small hole in the interatrial septum in the fetal heart that allows blood to pass directly from the right to the left side of the heart
Gestation
the period of development from contraception to birth
Gravida
Pregnant Woman
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
a hormone secreted by the embryo early in pregnancy that maintains the corpus lutem so that it will continue to secrete hormones
Lactation
the secretion of milk from the mammary glands
Oxytocin
a pituitary hormone that stimulates contractions of the uterus. It also stimulates release “letdown” of milk from the breasts
para
Woman who has produced a viable infant. Multiple births are considered as single pregnancies.
Parturition
Childbirth
Placenta
the organ composed of fetal and maternal tissues that nourishes and maintains the developing fetus
Prostaglandins
a group of hormones with varied effects, including the stimulation of the uterine contractions
Umbilical Cord
the structure that connects the fetus to the placenta. It contains vessels that carry blood between the mother and the fetus
Zygote
the fertilized ovum
amino
amnion, amniotic sac
embry/o
embryo
fet/o
fetus
toc/o
labor
nat/i
birth
lact/o
milk
galact/o
milk
gravida
pregnant woman
para
woman who has given birth
abortion
termination of a pregnancy before the fetus is capable of surviving outside of the uterus, usually at 20 weeks or 500g.
Anencephaly
Congenital absence of a brain
Atresia
Congenital absence or closure of a normal opening
Carrier
an individual who has an unexpressed genetic defect that can be passed to his or her children
Cleft Clip
a congenital separation of the upper lip
Cleft Palate
a congenital split in the roof of the mouth
Congenital Disorder
a disorder that is present at birth. May be developmental or heredity (familial)
Eclampsia
convulsions and coma occurring during pregnancy of after delivery and associated with the conditions of pregnancy-induced hypertension
Etopic Pregnancy
development of the fertilized ovum outside the body of the uterus. Usually occurs in the uterine tube but make occur in other parts of the reproductive tract or abdominal cavity
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)
Disease that results from Rh incompatibility between the blood of a mother and her fetus.
Masitits
inflammation of the breast, usually associated with the early weeks of breast-feeding
Mutation
a change in the genetic material of a cell. Most mutations are harmful. If the change appears in the sex cells, it can be passed to future generations.
Placental Abruption
Premature separation of the placenta
Placenta Previa
Placental attachment in the lower portion of the uterus
Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)
a toxic condition of late pregnancy associated with hypertension, edema, and proteinuria that, if untreated, may lead to eclampsia. Also called preclampsia
Spina Bifida
a congenital defect in the closure of the spinal column through which the spinal cord and its membranes may project
teratogen
a factor that causes development abnormalities in the fetus (adj: teratogenic)
