Ch. 14-15 Old Quiz Questions

Question 1

The rise of the medical model in the study of psychopathology brought about

a. improvements in the treatment of individuals who exhibited abnormal behavior.
b. an increase in the number of asylums for the treatment of the mentally ill.
c. an increase in misconceptions about mental disorders.
d. decreases in the expression of sympathy toward the mentally ill.

Answer 1

a. improvements in the treatment of individuals who exhibited abnormal behavior.

Question 2

Behavior that interferes with an individual’s social or occupational functioning may be considered to be

a. deviant.
b. maladaptive.
c. personally distressing.
d. insane.

Answer 2

b. maladaptive.

Question 3

Thomas Szasz would be MOST critical of the commonly used criterion to diagnose psychological disorders that relates to

a. deviance.
b. maladaptive behavior.
c. personal distress.
d. cognitive confusion.

Answer 3

a. deviance.

Question 4

Using the DSM-IV, estimates of the current level of the patient’s functioning would be recorded on

a. Axis I.
b. Axis V.
c. Axis X.
d. Axis II.

Answer 4

b. Axis V.

Question 5

The disorder that is characterized by worry and fear, muscle tension, trembling, and faintness is known as a

a. conversion disorder.
b. paranoid disorder.
c. dissociative disorder.
d. generalized anxiety disorder.

Answer 5

d. generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 6

An unwanted thought that repeatedly intrudes upon an individual’s consciousness is called

a. a delusion.
b. an obsession.
c. a compulsion.
d. a hallucination.

Answer 6

b. an obsession.

Question 7

Your friend’s mother is afraid of squirrels. Although she knows squirrels are basically harmless, she cannot control her anxiety when she sees either a real squirrel or a picture of a squirrel. She never took your friend to the local park when he was a child because of the numerous squirrels. Your friend’s mother has

a. panic disorder.
b. conversion disorder.
c. generalized anxiety disorder.
d. phobic disorder.

Answer 7

d. phobic disorder.

Question 8

A concordance rate indicates

a. the percentage of twin pairs or other pairs of relatives who exhibit the same disorder.
b. agreement rates between physicians in diagnosing psychological disorders.
c. the degree to which psychological factors affect physical health.
d. the degree to which biological factors affect psychological adjustment.

Answer 8

a. the percentage of twin pairs or other pairs of relatives who exhibit the same disorder.

Question 9

The conditioning and learning explanation for the etiology of anxiety disorders BEST accounts for the development and maintenance of

a. phobic disorder.
b. panic disorder.
c. posttraumatic stress disorder.
d. generalized anxiety disorder.

Answer 9

a. phobic disorder.

Question 10

If your careless smoking caused your family’s home to burn down, you would be MOST likely to develop which of the following psychological disorders?

a. dissociative amnesia
b. dissociative identity disorder
c. dissociative depressive disorder
d. dissociative fugue

Answer 10

a. dissociative amnesia

Question 11

Dissociative amnesia and fugue MOST likely result from

a. a neurotransmitter imbalance.
b. a neurotic personality.
c. extreme stress.
d. unconscious recollections of childhood trauma.

Answer 11

c. extreme stress.

Question 12

Carly has had intense feelings of sadness for the past several weeks. She has very little energy and has stopped going out with her friends. She has lost her appetite and rarely cooks. Carly feels her situation is hopeless and that she only has herself to blame. MOST likely, Carly has

a. generalized anxiety disorder.
b. bipolar disorder.
c. major depressive disorder.
d. minor depressive disorder.

Answer 12

c. major depressive disorder.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate concerning the onset of depression?

a. The symptoms tend to be most severe when the disorder has a late onset.
b. The peak age of onset is usually in early adulthood (age 20 through 29).
c. The onset of depression can occur at any point in the lifespan.
d. The peak age of onset is during middle or late adulthood (age 40 and on).

Answer 13

c. The onset of depression can occur at any point in the lifespan.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate concerning the onset of bipolar disorder?

a. The symptoms tend to be most severe when the disorder has a late onset.
b. The typical age of onset is in the late teenage years.
c. The onset of bipolar disorder is spread evenly across almost all age groups.
d. The typical age of onset is during middle or late adulthood (age 40 and on).

Answer 14

b. The typical age of onset is in the late teenage years.

Question 15

According to Seligman, people who exhibit a ____ explanatory style are especially vulnerable to depression.

a. pessimistic
b. narcissistic
c. histrionic
d. ruminative

Answer 15

a. pessimistic

Question 16

Inadequate social skills, and therefore a decrease in sources of social support, have been suggested as factors that contribute to the development of

a. anxiety disorders.
b. dissociative disorders.
c. schizophrenic disorders.
d. depressive disorders.

Answer 16

d. depressive disorders.

Question 17

Kevin hears voices singing even though none are present. Kevin suffers from

a. hallucinations.
b. delusions.
c. obsessions.
d. loosening of associations.

Answer 17

a. hallucinations.

Question 18

Tony believes that he is Thomas Edison and that his neighbors are spies who are trying to steal his inventions. He thinks the neighbors break into his house and search for plans for new inventions when he is not home. Tony’s symptoms are MOST consistent with those seen in

a. paranoid schizophrenia.
b. undifferentiated schizophrenia.
c. catatonic schizophrenia.
d. disorganized schizophrenia.

Answer 18

a. paranoid schizophrenia.

Question 19

Mark is hospitalized as a result of schizophrenia. He constantly rambles incoherently about a variety of topics and does not interact with the other patients or hospital staff. Mark has delusions that his right arm is slowly shrinking and that he is growing a third eye on the back of his head. MOST likely, Mark is diagnosed with

a. disorganized schizophrenia.
b. paranoid schizophrenia.
c. catatonic schizophrenia.
d. undifferentiated schizophrenia.

Answer 19

a. disorganized schizophrenia.

Question 20

Mayra has a psychological disorder, and her doctor has prescribed a drug that affects the levels of dopamine in her nervous system. Based on this information, it is MOST likely that Mayra is being treated for

a. a schizophrenic disorder.
b. an anxiety disorder.
c. a dissociative disorder.
d. a somatoform disorder.

Answer 20

a. a schizophrenic disorder.

Question 21

The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia asserts that all of the following are associated with an increased vulnerability to schizophrenia EXCEPT

a. prenatal malnutrition.
b. prenatal viral infection.
c. repeated concussions in childhood.
d. obstetrical complications at birth.

Answer 21

c. repeated concussions in childhood.

Question 22

About what proportion of autistic children have subnormal IQ scores?

a. 10%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%

Answer 22

c. 50%

Question 23

Which of the following disorders is seen almost exclusively in affluent Western cultures?

a. schizophrenia
b. depression
c. bipolar illness
d. anorexia nervosa

Answer 23

d. anorexia nervosa

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that have been linked to the development of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa in young women?

a. mothers who model unhealthy dieting behaviors for their daughters
b. parents who are negligent or uninvolved in their children’s lives
c. the presence of rigid, all-or-none thinking and maladaptive beliefs
d. a genetic vulnerability to eating disorders

Answer 24

b. parents who are negligent or uninvolved in their children’s lives

Question 25

Which pair of classes of psychological disorders listed below BOTH show a strong influence of genetic factors on the development of the disorders?

a. Eating disorders and dissociative disorders
b. Mood and eating disorders
c. Schizophrenic and dissociative disorders
d. Mood and schizophrenic disorders

Answer 25

d. Mood and schizophrenic disorders

Question 26

The two MOST common problems among those who seek psychotherapy are

a. marital conflicts and a sense of emptiness.
b. loneliness and boredom.
c. low self-esteem and irrational thinking.
d. anxiety and depression.

Answer 26

d. anxiety and depression.

Question 27

Which of the following psychologists is MOST likely to work with people having severe mental health problems?

a. counseling psychologist
b. clinical psychologist
c. school psychologist
d. research psychologist

Answer 27

b. clinical psychologist

Question 28

Which of the following statements concerning psychiatrists is FALSE?

a. Psychiatrists specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders.
b. Psychiatrists typically devote less of their time to relatively serious disorders than clinical psychologists.
c. Psychiatrists frequently emphasize biomedical therapy.
d. Psychiatrists are physicians and have a medical degree.

Answer 28

b. Psychiatrists typically devote less of their time to relatively serious disorders than clinical psychologists.

Question 29

According to Freud, the events in dreams

a. have no connection to the client’s real life and thus are irrelevant in therapy.
b. are symbolic representations of recent events in the client’s life.
c. need to be analyzed by the therapist and interpreted for the client.
d. are logical interpretations of random neural activation.

Answer 29

c. need to be analyzed by the therapist and interpreted for the client.

Question 30

Largely unconscious defensive maneuvers intended to hinder the progress of therapy are referred to as

a. transference.
b. frustration.
c. resistance.
d. projection.

Answer 30

c. resistance.

Question 31

Contemporary psychodynamic approaches to therapy tend to do all of the following EXCEPT

a. neglect emotional experience.
b. identify recurring life patterns.
c. focus on the therapeutic relationship.
d. address early childhood experiences.

Answer 31

a. neglect emotional experience.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics that Carl Rogers believes is necessary in client-centered therapy to encourage client growth?

a. empathy
b. genuineness
c. directedness
d. unconditional positive regard

Answer 32

c. directedness

Question 33

Goals of client-centered therapy include helping clients do all of the following EXCEPT

a. have an accurate self-concept.
b. gain self-acceptance.
c. resolve unconscious conflicts.
d. realize they do not have to worry about winning acceptance from others.

Answer 33

c. resolve unconscious conflicts.

Question 34

The MOST important aspect of group therapy is that group members

a. provide acceptance and emotional support.
b. challenge one another’s false belief structures.
c. increase conformity and compliance.
d. reduce both transference and resistance.

Answer 34

a. provide acceptance and emotional support.

Question 35

What percentage of patients show a meaningful recovery within about 20 sessions of insight therapies?

a. 25%
b. 50%
c. 75%
d. 90%

Answer 35

b. 50%

Question 36

Systematic desensitization is a technique based on

a. instrumental conditioning.
b. classical conditioning.
c. operant conditioning.
d. aversive conditioning.

Answer 36

b. classical conditioning.

Question 37

The “behavior” that is incompatible with anxiety, and that systematic desensitization tries to recondition to phobic cues, is

a. an imagined fear.
b. an imagined pleasant experience.
c. deep muscle relaxation.
d. vigorous exercise.

Answer 37

c. deep muscle relaxation.

Question 38

A therapist cures a man of his sexual attraction to children by pairing pictures of children with painful electric shocks. The procedure being used here is

a. systematic desensitization.
b. aversion therapy.
c. extinction.
d. social skills training.

Answer 38

b. aversion therapy.

Question 39

Earl is an extremely aggressive child who often hits other children when he can’t get his own way. Earl is now seeing a behavioral therapist who has discussed appropriate ways of interacting with peers and has shown Earl several videotapes of children resolving conflicts in nonaggressive ways. Earl has also engaged in “role play,” during which the therapist has provided corrective feedback and positive reinforcement. In this case, the therapist is using ___________ to develop Earl’s ability to interact with his peers.

a. social skills training
b. rational-emotive therapy
c. aversion therapy
d. systematic desensitization

Answer 39

a. social skills training

Question 40

Uncovering the patterns of thinking and assumptions behind maladaptive behavior and then assessing their validity is at the core of

a. cognitive therapy.
b. reality therapy.
c. behavioral therapy.
d. client-centered therapy.

Answer 40

a. cognitive therapy.

Question 41

Clients receiving ____ are taught to detect and evaluate their negative, self-defeating thoughts and statements.

a. psychoanalysis
b. aversion therapy
c. social skills training
d. cognitive therapy

Answer 41

d. cognitive therapy

Question 42

Mary has a psychological disorder, and her doctor has prescribed a drug from the tranquilizer family to reduce the severity of Mary’s symptoms. In this case, Mary’s therapist is MOST likely treating her for

a. an anxiety disorder.
b. depression.
c. schizophrenia.
d. bipolar disorder.

Answer 42

a. an anxiety disorder.

Question 43

Nelson, a schizophrenic patient, has just begun taking antipsychotic medication. He took his first dose about 12 hours ago, but so far his family sees no change in his condition. What advice should they be given?

a. If he doesn’t show improvement in another 12 hours, a different kind of medication should be tried
b. Patients usually don’t begin responding to antipsychotic drugs for at least a few days
c. He may have been misdiagnosed as schizophrenic
d. Early changes due to antipsychotic medication are usually not apparent to nonprofessionals, who are unfamiliar with the signs of improvement

Answer 43

b. Patients usually don’t begin responding to antipsychotic drugs for at least a few days

Question 44

Which group of therapeutic drugs tend to exert their effect almost immediately, but also tend to have an effect that lasts a short length of time?

a. antianxiety drugs
b. antidepressant drugs
c. antipsychotic drugs
d. mood stabilizers

Answer 44

a. antianxiety drugs

Question 45

Lancaster has been feeling worthless and unmotivated since he lost his job six months ago. He schedules an appointment with his doctor to find out if there is some physical problem that is causing his symptoms. His doctor tells Lancaster that he has a psychological disorder that should respond well to medication. The doctor will MOST likely treat Lancaster’s symptoms by prescribing

a. Xanax.
b. Thorazine.
c. Zoloft.
d. Valium.

Answer 45

c. Zoloft.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of drug therapy?

a. The side effects may be worse than the illnesses they are supposed to cure.
b. The therapy is typically expensive.
c. Drugs temporarily relieve symptoms without addressing the real problem.
d. Many drugs are overprescribed, and many patients are overmedicated.

Answer 46

b. The therapy is typically expensive.

Question 47

The practice of therapy that involves drawing ideas from two or more systems of therapy instead of committing to just one is known as

a. a psychoanalytic approach to therapy.
b. an eclectic approach to therapy.
c. a Gestalt approach to therapy.
d. a behavioral approach to therapy.

Answer 47

b. an eclectic approach to therapy.

Question 48

The community health movement emphasizes all of the following EXCEPT

a. reduced dependence on medication to treat psychological disorders.
b. reduced dependence on hospitalization for psychological disorders.
c. locally provided treatment for psychological disorders.
d. programs designed to prevent the onset of psychological disorders.

Answer 48

a. reduced dependence on medication to treat psychological disorders.

Question 49

Taken as a whole, the results from studies investigating mental illness among the homeless indicate that, compared to the non-homeless, homeless people are

a. less likely to suffer from mental health problems or substance abuse problems.
b. equally likely to suffer from mental health problems.
c. more likely to suffer from mental health problems.
d. less likely to suffer from mental health problems, but more likely to exhibit substance abuse problems.

Answer 49

c. more likely to suffer from mental health problems.

Question 50

Most experts believe that for certain types of psychological problems, some treatment approaches are more effective than others. Martin Seligman asserts that panic disorders respond BEST to

a. systematic desensitization.
b. cognitive therapy.
c. behavior therapy or medication.
d. group therapy.

Answer 50

b. cognitive therapy.