Ch 14 Futato - Qal Perfect and Imperfect: Weak Roots

Question 1

What are the two types of verb roots?

Answer 1

strong
weak

Question 2

Which type of verb root varies from the standard paradigm?

Answer 2

weak roots - they are “irregular”

Question 3

In what two ways are weak roots designated?

Answer 3

location of the weakness (which root letter)
the nature of the weakness

Question 4

What does “II Gutteral verb” tell us?

Answer 4

The nature of the weakness is that there is a gutteral causing a change from the normal paradigm, and the Roman numeral identifies it as being in the 2nd root position.

Question 5

What does “III Alef verb” tell us?

Answer 5

The nature of the weakness is that there is an alef causing a change from the normal paradigm, and the Roman numeral identifies it as being in the 3rd root position.

Question 6

When a gutteral is in the 1st root position, instead of changing to a sheva when an afformative is added, what does the gutteral’s vowel change to?

Answer 6

It will change to a complex sheva, either:

Question 7

In what three ways does the qal imperfect of a I Gutteral vary from the standard paradigm?

Answer 7

1. sheva under 1st letter replaced with khatef-patakh or khatef-segol
2. vowel under prefix will match the short vowel of the complex sheva
3. in only the 2fs, 3mp, and 2mp, the first sheva becomes patakh (instead of a complex sheva)

Question 8

Why do we study III-Alef verbs
separately from III-Gut verbs?

Answer 8

When a verb root ends in alef, the alef closes a syllable, and the alef is silent, so it differs from what happens with other gutterals. For example, in the qal perfect:
- there is no sheva written under the alef
- the expected patakh preceding it lengthens to qamets
- when afformatives beginning with tav are added, the tav is preceeded by a vowel (since the alef is silent), so the weak dagesh is lost from the tav.

Question 9

What is the theme vowel in the Qal imperfect for III-Alef verbs?

Answer 9

Since Alef is a gutteral, the theme vowel is “a” class.
(NOT holem)

Question 10

How do III-Alef verbs vary from the qal-imperfect standard paradigm?

Answer 10

• theme vowel is “a” class
• compensatory lengthening of theme vowel to qamets before the silent alef
• exception: in the 3fp and 2fp (with afformative nun-qamets-he), instead of a patakh that changes to qamets, the 2nd root vowel gets a segol

Question 11

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Answer 11

you all (f) stood

I-Gutteral perfect

Question 12

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Answer 12

you all (m) stood

I-Gutteral perfect

Question 13

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Answer 13

he will stand

I-Gutteral imperfect

Question 14

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Answer 14

she will stand OR
you (ms) will stand

I-Gutteral imperfect

Question 15

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Answer 15

you (fs) will stand

I-Gutteral imperfect

Question 16

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Answer 16

I will stand

I-Gutteral imperfect

Question 17

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Answer 17

they (m) will stand

I-Gutteral imperfect

Question 18

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Answer 18

they will stand OR
you all will stand
(both femine)

I-Gutteral imperfect

Question 19

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Answer 19

you all (m) will stand

I-Gutteral imperfect

Question 20

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Answer 20

we will stand

I-Gutteral imperfect

Question 21

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Answer 21

he will eat

I-Alef imperfect

Question 22

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Answer 22

she will eat OR
you (ms) will eat

I-Alef imperfect

Question 23

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Answer 23

you (fs) will eat

I-Alef imperfect

Question 24

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Answer 24

I will eat

I-Alef imperfect

Question 25

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Answer 25

they (m) will eat ## Footnote I-Alef imperfect

Question 26

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Answer 26

they will eat OR you all will eat (both femine) ## Footnote I-Alef imperfect

Question 27

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Answer 27

you all (m) will eat ## Footnote I-Alef imperfect

Question 28

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Answer 28

we will eat ## Footnote I-Alef imperfect

Question 29

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Answer 29

he found ## Footnote III-Alef perfect

Question 30

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Answer 30

she found ## Footnote III-Alef perfect

Question 31

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Answer 31

you (ms) found ## Footnote III-Alef perfect

Question 32

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Answer 32

you (fs) found ## Footnote III-Alef perfect

Question 33

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Answer 33

I found ## Footnote III-Alef perfect

Question 34

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Answer 34

they found ## Footnote III-Alef perfect

Question 35

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Answer 35

you all (m) found ## Footnote III-Alef perfect

Question 36

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Answer 36

you all (f) found ## Footnote III-Alef perfect

Question 37

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Answer 37

we found ## Footnote III-Alef perfect

Question 38

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Answer 38

he will find ## Footnote III-Alef imperfect

Question 39

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Answer 39

she will find OR you (ms) will find ## Footnote III-Alef imperfect

Question 40

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Answer 40

you (fs) will find ## Footnote III-Alef imperfect

Question 41

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Answer 41

I will find ## Footnote III-Alef imperfect

Question 42

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Answer 42

they (m) will find ## Footnote III-Alef imperfect

Question 43

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Answer 43

they will find OR you all will find (both femine) ## Footnote III-Alef imperfect

Question 44

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Answer 44

you all (m) will find ## Footnote III-Alef imperfect

Question 45

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Answer 45

we will find ## Footnote III-Alef imperfect