Ch 14 - Principles of Dx & Epidemology

Question 0

The study of a disease

Answer 0

Pathology

Question 1

The study of where and when diseases occur

Answer 1

Epidemiology

Question 2

The study of the cause of a disease

Answer 2

Etiology

Question 3

Describes a relationship between 2 organisms in which one always benefits

Answer 3

Symbiosis

Question 4

Describes a relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed (at the expense of the other)

Answer 4

Parasitism

Question 5

Describes a relationship in where both organisms benefit

Answer 5

Mutualism

Question 6

Describes competition among microbes

Answer 6

Microbial Antagonism

Question 7

3 ways Normal micobiota protect the host

Answer 7

A. Occupying niches
B. Producing acids
C. Producing bacteriocins

Question 8

Main significance of Koch’s Postulates is

Answer 8

Microbes cause diseases

Question 9

List Koch’s Postulates

Answer 9

1. The same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease.
2. Pathogen must be isolated from the host and grow in pure culture.
3. Pathogen from pure culture must cause disease when inoculated a healthy susceptible lab animal.
4. Pathogen must be isolated from the inoculated animal and show to be the original organism.

Question 10

List the exceptions to Koch’s Postulates

Answer 10

1. If the organism CANNOT be grown in the lab on artificial media.
2. If the disease is causes by more than 1 organism.
3. If the disease only occurs in humans.
4. If the organism causes more than one disease.

Question 11

The stage of a disease

Answer 11

1. Incubation period
2. Prodromal period
3. Period of Illness
4. Period of Decline
5. Period of Convalescence

Question 12

Infection which do not show evidence of being present or incubating at time of admission

Answer 12

Nosocomial Infection (HAI)

Question 13

The most common HAI

Answer 13

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Question 14

The CDC is located in

Answer 14

Atlanta, GA

Question 15

The retrospective study of data (accumulated over time)

Answer 15

Descriptive

Question 16

Looks for common characteristics to establish cause and effect

Answer 16

Analytical

Question 17

Starts with hypothesis, followed by experiments and studies to test the hypothesis

Answer 17

Experimental

Question 18

3 portals of entry

Answer 18

A. Skin
B. Mucous membranes
C. Parental route

Question 19

Colonization of the body by pathogens

Answer 19

Infection

Question 20

An abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally

Answer 20

Disease

Question 21

A microorganism that is capable of causing disease

Answer 21

Pathogen

Question 22

Entrance of normal flora into areas of the body where they are not present under normal conditions

Answer 22

Opportunistic pathogens

Question 23

Organism from the outside of the body

Answer 23

Exogenous

Question 24

Organism that is already in the body

Answer 24

Endogenous

Question 25

May be present for days, weeks, or months in the host

Answer 25

Transient microbiota

Question 26

A disease that is spread from one host to another

Answer 26

Communicable disease

Question 27

A disease that is easily spread from one host to another

Answer 27

Contagious disease

Question 28

A disease that is not transmitted from one host to another

Answer 28

Noncommunicable disease

Question 29

List the 3 reservoirs of infection

Answer 29

A. Humans B. Animals C. Non living objects

Question 30

3 types of Transmission of Disease

Answer 30

A. Contact transmission B. Vehicle transmission C. Vector transmission

Question 31

Toxic inflammatory condition arising from the spread of microbes, especially bacteria or their toxins, from a focus of infection

Answer 31

Sepsis

Question 32

Bacteria in the blood

Answer 32

Bacteremia

Question 33

Growth of bacteria in the blood

Answer 33

Septicemia

Question 34

List the methods of epidemiology

Answer 34

A. Descriptive B. Analytical C. Experimental

Question 35

Incidence of specific notifiable disease

Answer 35

Morbidity

Question 36

Deaths from notifiable diseases

Answer 36

Mortality

Question 37

List the factors involved in causing HAI

Answer 37

A. Microorganism in the hospital environment B. Compromised status of the host C. Chain of transmission in the hospital

Question 38

List factors involved in preventing HAI

Answer 38

A. Use of aseptic techniques B. Careful handling of contaminated material C. Frequent and thorough hand washing D. Education of staff members on infection control measures E. Use of isolation rooms and wards