Ch. 14: Schizophrenia

Question 1

What is schizophrenia?

Answer 1

A psychotic disorder in which personal, social, and occupational functioning deteriorates as a result of strange perceptions, unusual emotions, and motor abnormalities.

Question 2

What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 2

pathological excesses, or bizarre additions, to a person’s behavior

Question 3

What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 3

pathological deficits, characteristics that are lacking in a person

Question 4

What are some delusions that occur in schizophrenia?

Answer 4

Delusions of grandeur, persecution, reference (attaching special meaning to actions of others), control

Question 5

What are some types of hallucinations?

Answer 5

Auditory, visual, tactile, somatic (feels like something is happening inside your body), gustatory (strange taste), olfactory

Question 6

__________ ________: often distracted by sights and sounds; problems with perception and attention

Answer 6

Heightened perceptions

Question 7

What are loose associations?

Answer 7

most common; rapidly shift from one topic to another, unaware they are not making sense

Question 8

What are neologisms?

Answer 8

made-up words that typically have meaning only to patient

Question 9

What is perseveration?

Answer 9

repeat words/statements

Question 10

________ is using words that rhyme but don’t make sense.

Answer 10

Clang

Question 11

What is inappropriate affect?

Answer 11

uses emotions that are unsuitable to the situation

Question 12

Reduction in speech content is called __________.

Answer 12

alogia

Question 13

Define avolition?

Answer 13

cannot start or complete a course of action

Question 14

remains motionless and silent for long periods of time

Answer 14

Catatonic stupor

Question 15

– remains in rigid, upright position and resist efforts to be moved

Answer 15

Catatonic rigidity

Question 16

assumes awkward, bizarre positions for long periods of time

Answer 16

Catatonic posturing

Question 17

Catatonic excitement

Answer 17

moves excitedly, may wave arms and legs

Question 18

What is the first phase of schizophrenia?

Answer 18

Prodromal – Symptoms are not yet obvious but patient is beginning to deteriorate

Question 19

What is the 2nd phase of schizophrenia?

Answer 19

Active – Symptoms are apparent; may be triggered by a stressor

Question 20

What is the 3rd phase of schizophrenia?

Answer 20

Residual – return to prodromal level of functioning, although some negative symptoms may remain; 25% recover completely (usually w/good premorbid functioning), remainder may continue in residual phase for remainder of life

Question 21

How does one reach a diagnosis of schizophrenia?

Answer 21

During a one-month period, at least two of the following symptoms are present for a significant portion of time. One or more of the symptoms must be a, b, or c.

a. Delusions
b. Hallucinations
c. Disorganized speech
d. Grossly abnormal psychomotor behavior, including catatonia.
e. Negative symptoms

Question 22

Describe the dopamine hypothesis?

Answer 22

Certain neurons that use dopamine fire too often and transmit too many

Question 23

Describe what’s going on with amphetamine research?

Answer 23

high doses of amphetamine can induce amphetamine psychosis. Anti-psychotics can reduce symptoms. Researchers discovered that amphetamines increase dopamine activity in brain.

Question 24

What is 1 challenge to the dopamine theory?

Answer 24

New atypical antipsychotic drugs are more effective but work on other neurotransmitters in addition to dopamine.

Question 25

What is another challenge to the dopamine theory?

Answer 25

Positive symptoms respond well to conventional antipsychotic drugs while negative symptoms respond well to atypical antipsychotic drugs, leaving questions about whether other neurotransmitters are involved in schizophrenia.

Question 26

What are some abnormalities in the brain structure of schizophrenics?

Answer 26

Enlarged ventricles Smaller gray matter Smaller temporal and frontal lobes Abnormal blood flow in certain areas of the brain Abnormalities in hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus

Question 27

_________ ________ _______ of those with schizophrenia is 5 to 8% higher than for those without schizophrenia (high rates of influenza during those months)

Answer 27

Winter birth rate

Question 28

What is the fingerprint study?

Answer 28

Persons with schizophrenia have significantly more or less ridges on fingerprints. Fingerprints develop in 2nd trimester.

Question 29

Mothers of persons with schizophrenia were more likely to have been exposed to _________ than mothers of persons without schizophrenia

Answer 29

influenza

Question 30

40% of research participants with schizophrenia had __________ to certain viral infections

Answer 30

antibodies

Question 31

Believed that patients who developed schizophrenia had experienced a cold, harsh world (i.e., unnurturing mothers). Patients with schizophrenogenic mothers – cold, domineering, uninterested mothers may contribute to their children developing schizophrenia

Answer 31

Psychodynamic

Question 32

: Have not received appropriate rewards, so tend to other stimuli

Answer 32

Behavioral

Question 33

Agree with biological onset of disorder. Think it worsens after patients are rejected by friends and family that do not believe their thinking. May lead to delusional thinking.

Answer 33

Cognitive

Question 34

What does the sociocultural theory say about schizophrenia?

Answer 34

higher rates among blacks. poor groups have higher rates, developing countries have better recovery rates

Question 35

What is the relationship between schizophrenia and social labeling?

Answer 35

If diagnosis is given when some does not have, it may lead to self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 36

Parents send conflicting messages to children and this may lead to paranoid schizophrenia

Answer 36

Double-bind Communication theory

Question 37

What is the role of family stress in schizophrenia?

Answer 37

– style of criticism and disapproval among family members. Those with schizophrenia are four times more likely to relapse in this type of family environment

Question 38

What is RD Lang's view in the humanistic theory of schizophrenia?

Answer 38

Patients face difficult obstacles and confusing messages from family. They withdraw to their inner concerns to find wholeness. Pts, aren't allowed to continue journey bc docs diagnose them.

Question 39

Style of criticism and disapproval among family members in known as what?

Answer 39

expressed emotion

Question 40

What's the chance of developing schizophrenia in the general pop.?

Answer 40

1%