ch 16

Question 0

Containment

Answer 0

A term coined in 1946 by George Kennan who believed that soviet aggression must be “contained by the adroit and vigilant application of counter force by the United States

Question 1

Bipolarity

Answer 1

The fundamental division of economic and military power between the poles of western capitalism and eastern communism

Question 2

Globalism

Answer 2

View in which the US sphere of influence has expanded beyond the Western Hemisphere to include virtually every corner of the globe where the US interest might be affected

Question 3

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Answer 3

Charter signed by the United States, Canada, turkey, and eleven European nations in 1949 agreeing that an armed attack against one or more of them on Europe or North America would e interpreted as an attack against all

Question 4

Cold War

Answer 4

The bipolar power struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union that began in the 1950’s and ended in the 1990’s

Question 5

Warsaw Pact

Answer 5

Treaty signed by the Soviet Union and the eastern bloc in Europe agreeing to mutual defense, in reaction to NATO

Question 6

Strategic arms limitation treaty(SALT)

Answer 6

Treaty signed by the United States(under Nixon) and the Soviet Union to limit various classes of nuclear weapons

Question 7

Foreign aid

Answer 7

Small portion of the federal budget that goes to non military aid abroad, initially to mitigate against soviet expansion

Question 8

Peace corps

Answer 8

Organization formed by president Kennedy to help with third world development by having American volunteers live and work in needy communities

Question 9

Gulf of Tonkin resolution

Answer 9

Resolution passed by congress that granted president Lyndon Johnson authority to pursue the war in Vietnam, supposedly based on a naval attack by north Vietnamese ships

Question 10

Economic sanctions

Answer 10

The use of embargoes and boycotts rather than military force to compel compliance

Question 11

Military-industrial-complex

Answer 11

What president Eisenhower in 1961 called the growing power and influence resulting from the “conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms industry”

Question 12

Dètente

Answer 12

An attempt to relax tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union through limited cooperation

Question 13

Foreign policy

Answer 13

Policy adopted and action taken by the US government on behalf of US national interests abroad. The president is the country’s chief foreign policy maker

Question 14

Isolationism

Answer 14

A pattern in which the United States fosters economic relations abroad without commuting to strategic alliances that might draw the country into a war

Question 15

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 15

A doctrine enunciated by president James Monroe in 1823 that proclaimed North and South America to be in the US sphere of influence, hence out of bounds for European aspirations. It reinforced growing isolationism by promising not to interfere in the internal concerns of European states

Question 16

Legislative Oversight

Answer 16

The legislatures review and evaluation of executive branch activities to ensure that programs are administered and implemented in a manner consistent with legislative intent

Question 17

Superpower

Answer 17

The disproportionate power- economic and military- that distinguished the United States and the Soviet Union from all other countries in the post-war era

Question 18

War powers resolution

Answer 18

A highly controversial measure passed over president nixon’s veto that stipulated that presidential commitments of US military forces cannot extend beyond 60 days without specific congressional authorization