Flashcards in ch 16 Deck (19)
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Bipolarity
The fundamental division of economic and military power between the poles of western capitalism and eastern communism
1
Containment
A term coined in 1946 by George Kennan who believed that soviet aggression must be "contained by the adroit and vigilant application of counter force by the United States
2
Globalism
View in which the US sphere of influence has expanded beyond the Western Hemisphere to include virtually every corner of the globe where the US interest might be affected
3
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Charter signed by the United States, Canada, turkey, and eleven European nations in 1949 agreeing that an armed attack against one or more of them on Europe or North America would e interpreted as an attack against all
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Cold War
The bipolar power struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union that began in the 1950's and ended in the 1990's
5
Warsaw Pact
Treaty signed by the Soviet Union and the eastern bloc in Europe agreeing to mutual defense, in reaction to NATO
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Strategic arms limitation treaty(SALT)
Treaty signed by the United States(under Nixon) and the Soviet Union to limit various classes of nuclear weapons
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Foreign aid
Small portion of the federal budget that goes to non military aid abroad, initially to mitigate against soviet expansion
8
Peace corps
Organization formed by president Kennedy to help with third world development by having American volunteers live and work in needy communities
9
Gulf of Tonkin resolution
Resolution passed by congress that granted president Lyndon Johnson authority to pursue the war in Vietnam, supposedly based on a naval attack by north Vietnamese ships
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Economic sanctions
The use of embargoes and boycotts rather than military force to compel compliance
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Military-industrial-complex
What president Eisenhower in 1961 called the growing power and influence resulting from the "conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms industry"
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Dètente
An attempt to relax tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union through limited cooperation
13
Foreign policy
Policy adopted and action taken by the US government on behalf of US national interests abroad. The president is the country's chief foreign policy maker
14
Isolationism
A pattern in which the United States fosters economic relations abroad without commuting to strategic alliances that might draw the country into a war
15
Monroe Doctrine
A doctrine enunciated by president James Monroe in 1823 that proclaimed North and South America to be in the US sphere of influence, hence out of bounds for European aspirations. It reinforced growing isolationism by promising not to interfere in the internal concerns of European states
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Legislative Oversight
The legislatures review and evaluation of executive branch activities to ensure that programs are administered and implemented in a manner consistent with legislative intent
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Superpower
The disproportionate power- economic and military- that distinguished the United States and the Soviet Union from all other countries in the post-war era
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