Ch 16 Endocrine System

Question 1

What hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland?

Answer 1

T3, T4, calcitonin

Question 2

What produces T3 and T4?

Answer 2

follicular cells

Question 3

What produces calcitonin?

Answer 3

parafollicular cells

Question 4

What is thyroid deficiency in a fetus called?

Answer 4

cretinism

Question 5

What is hypothyroidism?

Answer 5

hyposecretion of T4 and T3

Question 6

What is severe or prolonged adult hypothyroidism called?

Answer 6

myxedema

Question 7

What does hypothyroidism produce in adults?

Answer 7

• sensitivity to cold/low body temp.
• constipation
• weight gain
• thick/dry skin & puffy eyes
• lethargy/myalgias/hypoactive reflexes
• low heart rate
• mental dullness/ memory impairment/ depression

Question 8

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 8

hyper metabolic state secondary to increased thyroid hormone levels

Question 9

Grave’s disease

Answer 9

autoimmune disease with weight loss, nervousness, irregular heart beat, sweating, tremor & exophthalmos(edema behind eyes)

Question 10

Goiter

Answer 10

enlarged thyroid gland

Question 11

Calcitonin

Answer 11

secreted by the parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland

Question 12

What stimulates the release of calcitonin?

Answer 12

high blood calcium levels

Question 13

Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 13

usually caused by a parathyroid gland tumor

Question 14

Hypoparathyroidism

Answer 14

usually caused by trauma to parathyroid gland, surgical removal, or autoimmune processes

Question 15

Aldosterone

Answer 15

• secreted by adrenal cortex
• stimulated by hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, angiotensin II
• targets kidney

Question 16

Hyperaldosteronism (Conn’s disease)

Answer 16

too much aldosterone secreted, hypokalemia

Question 17

Hypoaldosteronism (Addison’s disease)

Answer 17

not enough aldosterone secretion, hyperkalemia

Question 18

Cortisol

Answer 18

-secreted by adrenal cortex
-stimulated by patters of eating and activity, peaks after getting up in morning, stress
targets protein breakdown, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis

Question 19

Cushing’s Syndrome

Answer 19

-excessive amounts of glucocorticoids
-signs and symptoms:
hyperglycemia, moon face, buffalo hump, easy bruising, poor wound healing

Question 20

Addison’s Disease

Answer 20

deficient amounts of glucocorticoids & aldosterone

Question 21

Pheochromocytoma

Answer 21

excessive amounts of catecholamines secreted into blood

- usually cause by a tumor of adrenal medulla

Question 22

Type I Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 22

inadequate or no insulin secretion
- cardinal symptoms
polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia

Question 23

Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 23

problem in cell signaling cascade, inadequate/ineffective insulin secretion, decreased numbers/effectiveness of insulin receptors, insufficient/ineffective glucose transporters, too much resistin hormone, OR too much liver output of glucose