CH 17 - Applications of Immune Responses

Question 1

Active immunity
(definition)

Answer 1

Immunity that results from immune response upon exposure to an antigen

Question 2

Antiserum
(definition)

Answer 2

Preparation of serum that contains protective antibodies

Question 3

Attenuated vaccine
(definition)

Answer 3

Vaccine composed of weakened form of pathogen that is generally unable to cause disease

Question 4

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
(definition)

Answer 4

Technique that uses enzyme-labeled antibodies to detect given antigens or antibodies

Question 5

Fluorescent antibody (FA) test
(definition)

Answer 5

Technique that uses fluorescently labeled antibodies to detect specific antigens on cells attached to microscope slide

Question 6

Herd immunity
(definition)

Answer 6

Protection of an entire population based upon critical concentration of immune hosts that prevents spread of an infectious agent

Question 7

Immunoassay
(definition)

Answer 7

A test that takes advantage of the specificity of antigen-antibody interactions by using known antibodies/antigens to detect or quantify given antigens/antibodies

Question 8

Immunotherapy
(definition)

Answer 8

Medical intervention that modifies specific immune responses as a means to treat certain diseases

Question 9

Inactivated vaccine
(definition)

Answer 9

Vaccine composed of killed bacterial cells, inactivated viral particles, fractions of pathogen, or inactivated toxin

Question 10

Passive immunity
(definition)

Answer 10

Immunity that results when antibodies are transferred to an individual

Question 11

Vaccine
(definition)

Answer 11

Preparation of pathogen or its products used to induce active immunity

Question 12

Western Blotting
(definition)

Answer 12

Procedure that uses labeled antibodies to detect specific antigens in a mixture of proteins separated according to their molecular weight

Question 13

Which of the following are APCs?

Answer 13

Dendritic cells

MHC class II molecule
Can talk to T helper cells

NOT:
- T cells
- Erythrocytes
- Basophils

Question 14

Vaccination with the measles vaccine is an example of:

Answer 14

Artificially acquired active immunity

Question 15

Agglutination Reactions

Answer 15

Large insoluble particles are involved

Obvious aggregations form
- Easier to see

Slide agglutination
- Used in blood typing

1. Direct agglutination
2. Indirect agglutination

Question 16

Direct Agglutination

Answer 16

Specific Ab mixed with insoluble Ag

Readily visible clumping = + result

Question 17

Indirect Agglutination

Answer 17

Amplifies aggregation formation

Ab attached to latex bead
- Agglutination of beads easier to see

Question 18

Labeled Ab Tests

Answer 18

1. Fluorescent Ab (FA) test
2. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA)
3. Western blotting
4. Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter (FACS)

Question 19

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA)

Answer 19

Employs Ab labeled with detectable enzyme
- Commonly horseradish peroxidase

Labeled Ab binds to Ag
- Directly or indirectly

Ag location determined using colorimetric assay

Question 20

Direct ELISA

Answer 20

Looks for specific Ag

Specimen placed in wells of microtiter plate
- Wells treated with Ab for Ag

Question 21

Indirect ELISA

Answer 21

Looks for Ab in patient serum

Human IgG

Wells of plate treated with known Ag

Question 22

Western Blotting

Answer 22

Used to detect antigenic proteins

Proteins separated by size before reacting with Ab
- Special gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE)

Possible to establish which proteins are recognized by Abs

Question 23

Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter (FACS)

Answer 23

Special version of flow cytometry
- Counts cells labeled with fluorescent Abs (& sorts)

Used to count subsets of T cells
- CD4 & CD8 especially
- Abs attached to CD4 & CD8 markers