CH 17 Pathology

Question 1

cataract

Answer 1

clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision

Question 2

chalazion

Answer 2

small, hard, cystic mass (granuloma) on the eyelid

Question 3

diabetic retinopathy

Answer 3

retinal effects of diabetes mellitus include micro aneurysms, hemorrhages, dilation of retinal veins, and neovascularization (new blood vessels form in the retina)

Question 4

glaucoma

Answer 4

increases intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve in loses of vision

Question 5

dacryocystitis

Answer 5

blockage, inflammation, and infection of a nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac, causing redness and swelling in the region between the nose and the lower lid

Question 6

ectropion

Answer 6

outward sagging and eversion of the eyelid, leading to improper lacrimation and corneal drying and ulceration

Question 7

entropion

Answer 7

inversion of the eyelid, causing the lashes to rub against the eye, corneal abrasion may result

Question 8

hordeolum (stye)

Answer 8

infection of a sebaceous gland producing a smal, superficial white nodule along lid margin
- localized prurulent, inflammatory staphylococceal infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid

Question 9

ptosis

Answer 9

drooping of upper lid margin as a result of neuromuscular problems or trauma

Question 10

xanthelasma

Answer 10

raised yellow plaque on eyelid caused by lipid disorder

• xanth/o: yellow
• elasma: plate

Question 11

nystagmus

Answer 11

repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes

Question 12

retinal detachment

Answer 12

two layers of the retina separate from each other

Question 13

strabismus

Answer 13

abnormal deviation of the eye

Question 14

estropia

Answer 14

one eye turns inward; cross eyes

Question 15

exotropia

Answer 15

one eye turns outward; wall eyes

Question 16

hypertropia

Answer 16

upward deviation of one eye

Question 17

hypotropia

Answer 17

downward deviation of one eye

Question 18

amblyopia

Answer 18

partial loss of vision or lazy eye

Question 19

diplopia

Answer 19

double vision

Question 20

enucleation

Answer 20

removal of the entire eyeball

Question 21

keratoplasty

aka: corneal transplant

Answer 21

surgical repair of the cornea

Question 22

laser photocoagulation

Answer 22

intense, precisely focused light beam (argon laser) creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky retinal blood vessels

Question 23

LASIK

Answer 23

use of an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction (myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism)

Question 24

phacoemulsification

Answer 24

ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens, which then is aspirated through the ultrasonic probe

Question 25

scleral buckle

Answer 25

suture of silicone band to the sclera ova detached portion of the retina

Question 26

acoustic neuroma

Answer 26

benign tumor arising fromt eh acoustic vestibulocochlear nerve (8th cranial nerve) in the brain

Question 27

cholesteatoma

Answer 27

collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear

Question 28

deafness

Answer 28

loss of the ability to hear

Question 29

Meniere disease

Answer 29

disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear, elevated endolymph pressure within the cochlea (cochlear hydrops) and semicircular canals (vestibular hydrops).

Question 30

otitis media

Answer 30

inflammation of the middle ear

Question 31

otosclerosis

Answer 31

hardening of the body tissue of the middle ear

Question 32

tinnitus

Answer 32

sensation of noises (ringing, buzzing, whistling, booming) in the ears

Question 33

vertigo

Answer 33

sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects

Question 34

audiometry

Answer 34

testing the sense of hearing

Question 35

cochlear implant procedure

Answer 35

surgical insertion of a device that allows sensorineural hearing- impaired persons to understand speech

Question 36

ear thermometry

Answer 36

measurement of the temperature of the tympanic membrane by detection of infrared radiation from the eardrum

Question 37

otoscopy

Answer 37

visual examination of the ear canal with an otoscope

Question 38

tuning fork test

Answer 38

test of ear conduction using a vibration source (tuning fork)