CH10 disorders

Question 1

hydrocephalus

Answer 1

abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain)

Question 2

spina bifida

Answer 2

congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (neural tube defect)

Question 3

spina bifida occulta

Answer 3

vertebral defect is covered over with skin

Question 4

spina bifida cystica

Answer 4

more severe form, cyst-like protrusions

Question 5

meningocele

Answer 5

meninges protrude to the outside of the body

Question 6

myelomeningocele

meningomyelocele

Answer 6

meninges and spinal cord protrude

Question 7

Alzheimer disease (AD)

Answer 7

brain disorder makes by gradual and progressive mental deterioration (dementia), personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning

Question 8

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Lou Gehrig disease

Answer 8

degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem

Question 9

epilepsy

Answer 9

chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity

Question 10

tonic- clonic seizures (grand mal or ictal events)

Answer 10

sudden loss of consciousness, falling down, and then tonic contractions (stiffening of muscles) followed by clonic contraction (twitching and jerking movements of the limbs)

Question 11

absence seizures

Answer 11

momentary clouding of the consciousness and loss of awareness of person’s surroundings

Question 12

petit mal seizures

Answer 12

in children; momentary loss of consciousness

Question 13

Huntington disease (huntington chorea)

Answer 13

hereditary disorder makes by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration

Question 14

multiple sclerosis (MS)

Answer 14

destruction of myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacements by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue

Question 15

myasthenia gravis (MG)

Answer 15

autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles

Question 16

palsy

Answer 16

paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function)

Question 17

parkinson disease (parkinsonism)

Answer 17

degenerative of neurons in the basal ganglia, occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement

Question 18

tourette syndrome

Answer 18

involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements, uncontrollable vocal sounds, and inappropriate words

Question 19

herpes zoster (shingles)

Answer 19

viral infection affecting peripheral nerves

Question 20

meningitis

Answer 20

inflammation of the meninges; leptomeningitis

Question 21

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy

Answer 21

brain disease and dementia occurring with aIDS

Question 22

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
cerebral infarction

Answer 22

disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke

Question 23

thrombotic (CVA)

Answer 23

blood clot ; leading to occlusion (blocking) of the vessel

Question 24

embolic (CVA)

embolus

Answer 24

dislodged throbus; travels to cerebral arteries and occludes a small vessel; occurs suddenly

Question 25

hemorrhagic (CVA)

Answer 25

blood vessel

Question 26

migraine

Answer 26

severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular headache

Question 27

cerebrospinal fluid analysis

Answer 27

samples of CSF are examined

Question 28

cerebral angiography

Answer 28

x ray imaging of the retrial blood vessels in the brain after injection of contrast material

Question 29

computed tomography (CT) of the brain

Answer 29

computerized xray technique that generates multiple images of the brain and spinal cord

Question 30

magnetic resonance imagine (MRI)

Answer 30

magnetic field and pulses of radio wave energy create images of the brain and spinal cord

Question 31

positron emission tomography (PET) scan

Answer 31

radioactive glucose is injected and then deleted in the brain to image the metabolic activity of cells

Question 32

doppler ultrasound studies

Answer 32

sound waves detect blood low in the carotid and intracranial arteries

Question 33

electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer 33

recording of the electricity activity of the brain

Question 34

lumbar puncture (LP)

Answer 34

CSF is withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae for analysis

Question 35

sterotactic radiosurgery

Answer 35

use of a specialized instrument to locate and treat targets int he brain