Ch 17: Sports Broadcasting

Question 1

what is electronic media?

Answer 1

radio, TV, and Internet

Question 2

what has been a major impact of electronic media in the sport industry?

Answer 2

transformed the industry’s relationship w/ the public

Question 3

what do sport entities rely on broadcasters for?

Answer 3

revenue and publicity

Question 4

why do electronic media outlets seek out opps in sport?

Answer 4

they know that sporting events are easy way to attract audiences that advertisers will pay to reach

Question 5

year of telegraph

Answer 5

1844

Question 6

year of telephone

Answer 6

1876

Question 7

“wireless” radio established when?

Answer 7

by WW1

Question 8

when was the first radio broadcast of sports events?

Answer 8

1921

-boxing and baseball

Question 9

Pittsburgh Athletic Co. v. KQV Broadcasting Co.

Answer 9

• 1938

- fed court ruled that home team controls all commercial broadcasting rights to a sporting event

Question 10

what did network radio allow for?

Answer 10

many local stations across the country to broadcast the same event

Question 11

what is a network?

Answer 11

linked individual stations via telephone wires

Question 12

radio’s ability to reach a national audience created what kind of opportunities?

Answer 12

national advertising opps

Question 13

what did radio do for sport publicity?

Answer 13

increased fan support, was valuable publicity and promo tool

Question 14

what was media like after WW2?

Answer 14

Tv now, so consumers can see and hear

Question 15

when did TV overtake radio as nation’s primary mass medium?

Answer 15

1950s

Question 16

when was instant replay first used?

Answer 16

1963 (Army-Navy game)

Question 17

“solid state” transistor-based cameras and zoom lenses

Answer 17

• enhanced pic quality/mobility

- increasingly compelling video images

Question 18

growth in sport broadcasting dominated by two men…

Answer 18

• ABC Exec Roone Arledge

- NFL Commish Pete Rozelle

Question 19

Roone Arledge

Answer 19

• entertainment + sport
• 1960: ABC + AFL
• 1961=Wide World of Sports
• 1968=ABC is Olympics Network
• 1970=MNF

Question 20

Pete Rozelle

Answer 20

• moved NFL Hq to NYC (networks and ad agencies)
• revenue sharing
• Sport Broadcasting Act of 1961

Question 21

Sport Broadcasting Act of 1961

Answer 21

granted pro ball, baseball, hockey, bball teams immunity from antitrust actions regarding pooled sale of broadcast rights

Question 22

what led broadcasters to pursue the rights to additional sporting events?

Answer 22

huge ratings from MNF and Olympics

Question 23

NCAA ball ship year

Answer 23

1973

Question 24

World Series Primetime

Answer 24

1971

Question 25

Ted Turner

Answer 25

TBS signal nationwide ine 1977 via satellite

Question 26

ESPN start

Answer 26

1979 | -24 hr sport program

Question 27

1987: ESPN & NFL

Answer 27

first agreement occurs | -levied surcharge on its subscriber fees

Question 28

NFL Primetime

Answer 28

1987 | -strictly fball highlights

Question 29

what did the NCAA limit in terms of television?

Answer 29

limited # of times one universe could appear on TV and also distributed revenue among its members

Question 30

Board of Regents v. NCAA

Answer 30

- U.S. Supreme Court case | - colleges won freedom to sign their own deals for college fball

Question 31

X Games

Answer 31

- 1995 | - helped give brand identity to ESPN2

Question 32

DVR

Answer 32

- 1999 | - allows for time-shifting in order to skip commercials

Question 33

what was first sports network to launch an HD channel?

Answer 33

ESPN

Question 34

what is the standard sport broadcasting business model?

Answer 34

a telecaster pays a rights fee to the organizer of a game or event

Question 35

Telecaster

Answer 35

- produces the telecast | - arranges for its distribution to public

Question 36

how does a telecaster recoup its fees and expenses?

Answer 36

by selling advertising in the game telecast and network distribution rights to cable operators

Question 37

in most pro and college sports, who controls national tv rights?

Answer 37

league or conference and individual team retains radio rights and some local tv rights

Question 38

who controls tv rights in individual sports (tennis, boxing)

Answer 38

event organizer

Question 39

key terms in the negotiation of a rights agreement include...?

Answer 39

- amount of rights fees - distrib. of telecast - length of deal - copyright - sponsorship rights

Question 40

how do broadcasters determine how much they are willing to pay in rights fees?

Answer 40

they calculate how much money they can make on the programming by selling advertising in the particular programming

Question 41

what league has the largest rights fees and why?

Answer 41

NFL, since they have highest rated sport programs

Question 42

how are most rights fees shared?

Answer 42

equally among all member teams

Question 43

how can revenue disparities occur?

Answer 43

when teams receive tv fees from both national and local rightsholders

Question 44

what does a network HAVE to obtain?

Answer 44

rights fees

Question 45

what are the 3 typical rights arrangements?

Answer 45

- rights and production deal - rights only agreement - time buy

Question 46

rights and production deal?

Answer 46

in addition to paying a rights fee for an event/ series a broadcaster must pay the expenses necessary to produce the coverage

Question 47

what are some key parts of the production process?

Answer 47

- setting up cameras at venue - outfitting a booth - production truck - cleanfeed goes from truck to network studio - then its transmitted to network affiliates

Question 48

who are sports broadcasts key for?

Answer 48

for advertisers in search of key demographics

Question 49

what is a traditional advertisement in a sport tv program?

Answer 49

30 second commercial message for a consumer product

Question 50

what two entities do commercial formats contain advertising breaks for?

Answer 50

national commercials (sold by networks) and local ads (sold by local stations)

Question 51

what is the basis for calculating the price of advertisements

Answer 51

the basis of the number of ppl watching the telecast (rating)

Question 52

share (in terms of TV ratings)

Answer 52

the percentage of TV sets actually in due at a particular time that are tuned into a show -companion measurement to a tv rating

Question 53

Distribution

Answer 53

- broadcast networks - syndication - cable networks - digital networks - pay per view - radio

Question 54

what are game telecasts protected by?

Answer 54

copyright law

Question 55

what is a copyright?

Answer 55

literally the right to copy an original work that is in tangible form

Question 56

why is it important that rights holders own telecast copyrights and control highlight usage?

Answer 56

they can monetize those assets