Ch 18- Diabetes Flashcards
(17 cards)
1
Q
Functions of insulin
A
- uptake of glucose by cells
- promotes protein synthesis
- formation/storage of lipids
- facilitates transport of potassium, phosphate, and magnesium into cells
- essential for ATP production
2
Q
insulin increases when…
A
these increase:
- blood glucose
- amino acids
- glucagon
- gastrin
3
Q
insulin decreases when…
A
- low blood glucose
- high insulin levels
- stimulation of alpha cells
4
Q
appropriate blood sugar level
A
between 70-110 mg/dL
5
Q
clinical manifestations of type I diabetes
A
- 3 p’s
- weight loss
- fatigue, lethargy
- nocturia
- visual changes
6
Q
treatment of type I diabetes
A
- complex carbohydrate intake
- exercise
- insulin replacement therapy
7
Q
clinical manifestations of type II diabetes
A
- often asympomatic
- fatigue
- visual changes
- nephropathy
- coronary artery disease
- peripheral vascular disease
- recurrent infections
- neuropathy
8
Q
diagnostic criteria for type II
A
- blood glucose level
- distinguish 1 from 2
- test for presence of long-term complications (retinopathy, peripheral damage, kidney damage)
9
Q
type II treatment
A
- weight control: diet, exercise
- oral glycemic agents
- goal: maintain optimal blood glucose levels
- short term settings: might be on steroids if pt has an infection. use sliding scale.
10
Q
acute complications of DDM
A
- hypoglycemia
- DKA
- HHNK
- somogyi effect
- dawn phenomenon
11
Q
causes of hypoglycemia
A
- overproduction/administration of insulin
- inadequate food intake
- exercise
- infection
- several antihyperglycemic meds for type II
12
Q
clinical presentations of hypoglycemia
A
- pallor
- tremor
- tachycardia
- palpitations
- headache
- diaphoresis
- confusion
- poor judgement
13
Q
complications of hypoglycemia
A
- seizures
- coma
- death
14
Q
clinical manifestations of DKA
A
- fruity breath
- Kussmaul respiration
- N&v, abdominal pain
- tachycardia and hypotension
- altered LOC
15
Q
macrovascular complications of DDM
A
- coronary artery disease
- stroke
- PVD
16
Q
microvascular complications of DDM
A
- diabetic retinopathy
- diabetic nephropathy
17
Q
other chronic complications of DDM
A
- diabetic neuropathies
- slow wound healing
- increased infection and reduced response
